Earthquake Resistant Design of Buildings in Pakistan; ... Lack of skill/ understanding in designers, petty contractors and artesian. Not enough motivation ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation
Title: SAARC Workshop on Earthquake Risk Mitigation
1
SAARC Workshop on Earthquake Risk Mitigation Management in South Asia (October 8-9, 2009) Earthquake Resistant Design of Buildings in Pakistan Awareness and Enforcement Mumtaz J. Shabbir (GM/Head) Shaukat Qadeer (Chief Engineer) National Engineering Services Pakistan 2
Awareness 3
Key sources of awareness in recent times
Reconstruction in earthquake affected areas
Building Code of Pakistan Seismic Provisions 2007
Engineering Institutions
NGOs
4 Reconstruction in earthquake affected areas
Non-engineered construction
Reinforced Masonry
Confined Masonry
Timber Frame Construction (Dhajji)
Timber Reinforced Masonry (Bhattar)
Engineered Construction
Confined Masonry
Reinforced Concrete
Light Guage Cold Formed Steel Construction
Structural Insulated Panels
5 Reconstruction in earthquake affected areas
Information Dissimination
Posters
Booklets
Media campaign
Training
Housing Reconstruction Centers
On site training
Monitoring
Plinth level
Lintel level
Roof level
6
Reinforced masonry 7 Confined masonry
Confined Masonry is a construction system where the walls are enclosed and tied together by columns and beams.
The ties work like a string around a parcel. 8
Timber Frame Construction (Dhajji)
Complete timber frame
Base plate (Dassa)
Studs
Horizontal Runners
Cross bracing
Top plate
Infill
Brick
Small sized stone
Environmental impact
9 Bhattar 10 Reconstruction in earthquake affected areas
Unprecedented awareness among the masses regarding earthquake resistant construction
Creation of a highly skilled pool of artisans
BUT
Limited to earthquake affected areas only
11
Building Code of Pakistan Seismic Provisions 2007 12 HISTORY OF BUILDING CODES IN PAKISTAN
PRE-PARTITION
BUILDING CODE FOR QUETTA MUNICIPALITY
1947 TO SEVENTIES
BRITISH CODES PREVAILED
LATE SEVENTIES
AMERICAN CODES TOOK OVER GRADUALLY. AT
PRESENT THESE ARE TAUGHT IN UNIVERSITIES AND
PRACTICED BY ENGINEERS.
1986
A BUILDING CODE OF PAKISTAN WAS DEVELOPED
BUT NOT ENFORCED
13 REVISION AND UP-DATING OF 1986 CODE
OCTOBER 2005 EARTHQUAKE MADE OBVIOUS THE POOR DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES IN PAKISTAN
2005 (AFTER EARTHQUAKE)
WORK STARTED ON UPGRADING THE CODE, WITH PRIORITY GIVEN TO SEISMIC POVISIONS.
14 SCOPE OF WORK
WORK DIVIDED INTO TWO STAGES
STAGE-I RECOMMENDATIONS OF PRELIMINARY
SEISMIC DESIGNS PARAMETERS AND CRITERIA FOR SEISMIC DESIGN OF BUILDINGS IN ISLAMABAD RAWALPINDI AREA
STAGE-II SEISMIC HAZARD EVALUATION AND SEISMIC PROVISIONS FOR BUILDING COVERING WHOLE COUNTRY
15 STEPS IN CODE DEVELOPMENT
SEISMIC HAZARD EVALUATION
REVIEW OF CODES WORLDWIDE
ASSESSMENT OF PREVALENT CONSTRUCTION METHODS IN PAKISTAN
SELECTION OF APPROPRIATE BASE DOCUMENTS
FORMULATION OF CODE PROVISIONS FOR PAKISTAN
REVIEW BY NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL EXPERTS
16 BUILDING CODE SEISMIC PROVISIONS
BASIC APPROACH
EARTHQUAKE SAFETY OF BUILDINGS SHOULD NOT INCREASE COST UNNECESSARILY.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION COMMONLY USED IN PAKISTAN SHOULD BE COVERED.
BEST AVAILABLE KNOWLEDGE BASE IN THE WORLD FOR EARTHQUAKE DESIGN OF BUILDINGS SHOULD BE INCLUDED IN THE CODE.
17 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
UBC-97 UNIFORM BUILDING CODE
ACI-2005 AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE
BUILDING DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
AISC-2005 AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION, PROVISIONS FOR STRUCTURAL STEEL BUILDINGS
Exceptional motivation after earthquake of October 2005
Creation of earthquake research centers
Installation of Shake tables
More and more universities offering Masters level degree in earthquake engineering
Special projects
Revisions of curriculums
21
NON-GOVERNMENTAL INSTITUTIONS 22 NGOs
Partner Orgnizations for housing reconstruction
Door to door Awareness compaign
Seminars
Training
23
ENFORCEMENT 24 Prerequisites for implementation
Awareness
Acceptance by end user
Motivation
Training
25 Challenges for implementation
Lack of skill of building control officers
Lack of skill/ understanding in designers, petty contractors and artesian
Not enough motivation
Social /economic obstacles
Lack of awareness in Public
Uncontrolled and informal construction
Corruption
26 Steps taken for implementation
Pakistan Engineering council has already notified the application/enforcement of the Code stating that,
The provisions of the Building Code of Pakistan (Seismic Provisions-2007) shall apply for engineering design of buildings, like structures and related components.
Construction of buildings in violation of the Building Code shall be considered as violation of professional engineering work as specified under clause (XXV) of section 2 of the Act.
(3) The provisions of the Building Code shall be revised by the Pakistan Engineering Council after every five years or earlier if so required by circumstances.
The council has constituted a committee of experts to work on the implementation of the code.
27 Steps Taken for implementation
Development Authorities of big Cities require Structural Stability from structural Engineer who is at least Masters Degree Holder
For medium to high-rise buildings Structural design vetting is required
28 Further action required
Incorporation of building code provisions for non-engineered buildings into local bylaws.
Site inspections and validation at various stages
Development of general framework for implementation of code
Extending code implementation to sub-urban and rural areas
29 Conclusions
Code specifications are available but implementation mechanism is lacking
Code implementation is limited to plan approvals and needs to extended to on site execution
Local bylaws to be amended to incorporate prescriptive design s for non-engineered construction
Designers need to be educated to design with no premium for lateral loads
The end users orientation shall be carried out so that accept the code whole heatedly
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