United States Coast Guard Waterways Management

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United States Coast GuardWaterways Management
Jorge Arroyo AIS Regulatory Project
Officer Navigation Systems Division U.S. Coast
Guard Headquarters Washington, DC 20593-7851
Technical Exchange of AIS via Satellite TEXAS
III Washington, DC August 19th, 2009
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What else I do

• USCG AIS Regulatory Project Officer
• Member of IEC AIS Working Group
• U.S. Delegate to IMO Navigation Sub-Committee
• Member of IMO Navigation Technical Working Group
• Participant IMO Correspondence Group on the use
  of AIS Binaries
• Member of RTCM Special Committee (SC) 121 AIS
• Member of RTCM SC121 Working Group on Use of AIS
  Binaries
• Member IALA eNavigation Committee
• Vice-Chair IALA AIS Technical Working Group
• Rapprteur for Long-Range AIS matters (Satellite
  Terriestal)

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How
2002 IMO Diplomatic Conference
IALA Guidelines, Recommendations
1990---------1994--------1997----1998----1999----2
000----2001----2002---2003--2004
OPA 90
FCC Notice DA-02-1362
ADSSE ITU-R M.825-3
MTSA - 11/02 Interim - 7/03 Final - 10/03
Deadline - 1/04
VTS LMR Public Meeting
105th Congress
4
What started the USCG on AIS?

• In 1990, Congress passed the Oil Pollution Act
  which participation in VTS mandatory and directed
  the USCG to seek ways to have dependent
  surveillance of all tankers bound for Valdez,
  Alaska.
• To that end, in 1993 the USCG developed Automated
  Dependent Surveillance Shipboard Equipment
  (ADSSE), based on Digital Selective Calling (DSC)
  protocol.

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How
2002 IMO Diplomatic Conference
IALA Guidelines, Recommendations
1990---------1994--------1997----1998----1999----2
000----2001----2002---2003--2004
OPA 90
FCC Notice DA-02-1362
ADSSE ITU-R M.825-3
MTSA - 11/02 Interim - 7/03 Final - 10/03
Deadline - 1/04
VTS LMR Public Meeting
105th Congress
6
IMO

• International Maritime Organization (IMO),
  headquartered in London, is a specialized agency
  of the United Nations which is responsible for
  measures to improve the safety and security of
  international shipping and to prevent marine
  pollution from ships. It also is involved in
  legal matters, including liability and
  compensation issues and the facilitation of
  international maritime traffic. It was
  established by means of a Convention adopted
  under the auspices of the United Nations in March
  1948. It currently has 165 Member States.
• IMO.74(69) AIS Performance Standard
• SOLAS V/19.2 (Int'l) (2002 Amendment)
• SN/Circ.222 Guidelines on Operational Use of AIS
• SN/Circ.227 245 Installation Guidelines
• SN/Circ.236 Guidelines on Use of Binary Messages
• SN/Circ.243 Presentation of Navigation-Related
  Symbols
• SN/Circ.244 Use of Destination Field (UN/LOCODES)
• IMO AIS STW Model Course
• Re the publication of AIS data
• MSC/Circ.1251 Annual AIS Inspection

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How
2002 IMO Diplomatic Conference
IALA Guidelines, Recommendations
1990---------1994--------1997----1998----1999----2
000----2001----2002---2003--2004
OPA 90
FCC Notice DA-02-1362
ADSSE ITU-R M.825-3
MTSA - 11/02 Interim - 7/03 Final - 10/03
Deadline - 1/04
VTS LMR Public Meeting
105th Congress
8
ITU

• The International Telecommunications Union (ITU),
  headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland is an
  international organization within the United
  Nations System where governments and the private
  sector coordinate global telecom networks and
  services. The Union was established last century
  as an impartial, international organization
  within which governments and the private sector
  could work together to coordinate the operation
  of telecommunication networks and services and
  advance the development of communications
  technology. While the organization remains
  relatively unknown to the general public, ITU's
  work over more than one hundred years has helped
  create a global communications network which now
  integrates a huge range of technologies, yet
  remains one of the most reliable man-made systems
  ever developed.
• ITU-R M.1371 AIS Technical Standard

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How
2002 IMO Diplomatic Conference
IALA Guidelines, Recommendations
1990---------1994--------1997----1998----1999----2
000----2001----2002---2003--2004
OPA 90
FCC Notice DA-02-1362
ADSSE ITU-R M.825-3
MTSA - 11/02 Interim - 7/03 Final - 10/03
Deadline - 1/04
VTS LMR Public Meeting
105th Congress
10
Safety of Life at Sea Conventions (SOLAS)
Chapter V, Regulation 19

• 2.4 All ships of 300 gross tonnage and upwards
  engaged on international voyages and cargo ships
  of 500 gross tonnage and upwards not engaged on
  international voyages and passenger ships
  irrespective of size shall be fitted with an
  automatic identification system (AIS), as
  follows
• .1 ships constructed on or after 1 July 2002
• .2 ships engaged on international voyages
  constructed before 1 July 2002
• .2.1 in the case of passenger ships, not
  later than 1 July 2003
• .2.2 in the case of tankers, not later than
  the first survey for safety equipment on or after
  1 July 2003
• .2.3 in the case of ships, other than
  passenger ships and tankers, of 50,000 gross
  tonnage and upwards, not later than 1 July 2004
• .2.4 in the case of ships, other than
  passenger ships and tankers, of 300 gross tonnage
  and upwards, but less than 50,000 gross tonnage,
  not later than the first safety equipment survey
  ' after 1 July 2004 or by 31 December 2004,
  whichever occurs earlier and
• .3 ships not engaged on international voyages
  constructed before 1 July 2002, not later than 1
  July 2008

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Safety of Life at Sea Conventions (SOLAS)
Chapter V, Regulation 19

• .5 AIS shall
• .1 provide automatically to appropriately
  equipped shore stations, other ships and aircraft
  information, including the ship's identity, type,
  position, course, speed, navigational status and
  other safety-related information
• .2 receive automatically such information
  from similarly fitted ships
• .3 monitor and track ships and
• .4 exchange data with shore-based
  facilities
• .6 the requirements of paragraph 2.4.5 shall
  not be applied to cases where international
  agreements, rules or standards provide for the
  protection of navigational information and
• .7 AIS shall be operated taking into account
  the guidelines adopted by the Organization. Ships
  fitted with AIS shall maintain AIS in operation
  at all times except where international
  agreements, rules or standards provide for the
  protection of navigational information

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How
2002 IMO Diplomatic Conference
IALA Guidelines, Recommendations
1990---------1994--------1997----1998----1999----2
000----2001----2002---2003--2004
OPA 90
FCC Notice DA-02-1362
ADSSE ITU-R M.825-3
MTSA - 11/02 Interim - 7/03 Final - 10/03
Deadline - 1/04
VTS LMR Public Meeting
105th Congress
13
IALA

• The International Association of Lighthouse
  Authorities (IALA) is a non profit making
  international technical association. Established
  in 1957, it gathers together marine aids to
  navigation authorities, manufacturers and
  consultants from all parts of the world and
  offers them the opportunity to compare their
  experiences and achievements.
• IALAs AIS as a VTS Tool
• IALA Guideline 1028 Part I, AIS Operations Issues
• IALA Guideline 1029 Part II, Technical Aspects of
  AIS
• IALA Guideline 1050 Monitoring Management of
  AIS
• IALA Recommendation A-123 Shore-based AIS
• IALA Recommendation A-124 AIS as a Network
  Service
• IALA Recommendation A-126 AIS as a Marine Service
  (AtoN)
• IALA Technical Clarification re ITU-R M.1371-1
  (Ed. 2)

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How
2002 IMO Diplomatic Conference
IALA Guidelines, Recommendations
1990---------1994--------1997----1998----1999----2
000----2001----2002---2003--2004
OPA 90
FCC Notice DA-02-1362
ADSSE ITU-R M.825-3
MTSA - 11/02 Interim - 7/03 Final - 10/03
Deadline - 1/04
VTS LMR Public Meeting
105th Congress
15
IEC

• The International Electrotechnical Commission is
  the leading global organization that prepares and
  publishes international standards for all
  electrical, electronic and related technologies.
  These serve as a basis for national
  standardization and as references when drafting
  international tenders and contracts. Through its
  members, the IEC promotes international
  cooperation on all questions of electrotechnical
  standardization and related matters, such as the
  assessment of conformity to standards, in the
  fields of electricity, electronics and related
  technologies.
• IEC 61993-2 AIS Class A Mobile
• IEC 62287-1 AIS Class B/CS Mobile
• IEC 62320-1 AIS Base Station
• IEC 62320-2 AIS Aide to Navigation (ATON)
• IEC 61162-1 Digital Interfaces
• IEC 61162-2 Digital Interfaces (Hi-speed)
• IEC 61162-3 Digital Interfaces (NMEA2000)
• IEC 61174-3 ECDIS
• IEC 62288-1 Presentation of navigation-related
  information on shipborne navigation displays

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How
2002 IMO Diplomatic Conference
IALA Guidelines, Recommendations
1990---------1994--------1997----1998----1999----2
000----2001----2002---2003--2004
OPA 90
FCC Notice DA-02-1362
ADSSE ITU-R M.825-3
MTSA - 11/02 Interim - 7/03 Final - 10/03
Deadline - 1/04
VTS LMR Public Meeting
105th Congress
17
Maritime Transportation Security Act

• 46 U.S.C. 70114 - Automatic identification
  system
• On the navigable waters of the United States,
  each
• Self-propelled commercial vessel of at least 65
  feet,
• Towing vessel of more than 26 feet and 600 hp,
• Passenger vessels as determined by the USCG,
• Any other vessel deemed necessary for the safe
  navigation of the vessel.
• shall be equipped with and operate an AIS under
  regulations prescribed by the USCG.

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AIS Carriage Regulations 33 CFR 164.46

• The following must have a properly installed,
  operational, type-approved AIS
• On international voyage
• Tankers, Passenger gt 150 GT, all others gt 300 GT
• Per SOLAS Regulation V/19.2.4
• Self-propelled commercial vessels gt 65 feet
• Except fishing and small passenger vessels (lt150
  passengers)
• Within a VTS area
• Self-propelled commercial vessel 65 feet
• Except fishing small passengers vessels
• Towing vessel gt 26 feet and gt 600 hp
• Vessel certificated to carry gt 150 passengers

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AIS Rulemaking Changes in Bold-type

• 10/23/03 current AIS requirement (33 CFR 164.46)
• 07/01/03-01/09/04 sought AIS expansion comment
• 10/31/05 - notice expansion of AIS to all waters
• 12/16/08 NPRM 4/15/09 comment deadline
• Could effect 17,442 vessels / 14,506 small bizs,
  i.e.
• Commercial self-propelled vessels of gt 65 feet
• No exclusions
• Towing vessels gt 26 feet gt600 hp
• Vessels with gt 50 passengers (vice 150 for hire)
• Hi-speed passenger vessels (gt 12 pax)
• Certain dredges floating plants,
• Vessel moving certain dangerous cargoes

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U.S. AIS Carriage Population
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AIS On Goings

• FCC Regulations
• Designates AIS 1 2 Nation-wide
• Limits AIS Base Stations to Federal entities
• Class B Type-certification
• Type-Approvals 9 new Class Bs Class As still
  at 18 to date
• AIS for ATONs
• 2 USCG Test Units. AIS PATON under
  consideration, policy in development
• ITU-R M.1371-3 provides 4 new messages
• Single and Multi-slotted Binary Messages
• Group Assignment Message
• Expanded Static Data Message
• IEC 61097 AIS Search Rescue Transmitter
  (SART)
• In Final Stage, we expect availability later
  this year
• IEC 61993-2 AIS Class A, 2nd Generation
  AISin development2010

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Other USCG AIS on goings

• Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services
  (RTCM) VTS AIS Binaries Project (Receive
  Transmission of AIS from ashore)
• ACOE Real-Time Current Velocity (RTCV) 10
  sites in the works
• Tampa Bay (NOAA PORTS)
• Stellwagen Bank (Right Whale Notifications)
• Nation-wide AIS Project (NAIS)
• Increment 1 Completed Oct07
• Increment 2 Awarded Dec08, IOC in
  development
• Increment 3 Satellite reception tests in
  progress

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• Nation-wide AIS Project Conceptual Overview
• Automatic reception of AIS information (vessel
  ID, location, status, and other navigational
  information) nationwide out to 2000nm
• Transmission out to 24nm from shore
• Correlation with other database systems for
  intelligence and operational decision makers
• Shared with others displayed on aCommon
  Operational Picture

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USCG AIS Sites Coverage NAIS Increment 1
Oct07
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79th Session of IMO Marine Safety Committee

• .1 agree that the publication on the world-wide
  web or elsewhere of AIS data
• transmitted by ships could be detrimental to the
  safety and security of ships and
• port facilities and is undermining the efforts of
  the Organization and its Member
• States to enhance the safety of navigation and
  security in the international
• maritime transport sector
• .2 urge masters of ships, notwithstanding the
  provisions of Guidelines for the
• on-board operational use of Automatic
  Identification Systems (AIS) adopted by
• the Organization by resolution A.917(22) as
  amended by resolution A.956(23) not
• to switch off the shipís AIS on account of the
  publication on the world-wide web
• or elsewhere of the AIS data transmitted by their
  ships

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79th Session of IMO Marine Safety Committee

• .3 urge Member Governments, subject to the
  provisions of their national laws, to
• discourage those who make available AIS data to
  others for publication on the
• world-wide web, or elsewhere from doing so
• .4 condemn the regrettable publication on the
  world-wide web or elsewhere of AIS
• data transmitted by ships
• .5 condemn those who irresponsibly publish AIS
  data transmitted by ships on the
• world-wide web or elsewhere, particularly if
  these offer other services to the
• shipping and port industries and
• .6 request the Secretary-General to bring to the
  attention of those who publish or
• who may publish AIS data transmitted by ships on
  the world-wide web or
• elsewhere, the conclusions of the Committee.

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86th Session of IMO Marine Safety Committee

• .1 concerns had been raised, which should be
  conveyed to relevant bodies in ITU,
• to be taken into account in their further
  studies, namely
• .1.1 the relation with the implementation of
  the LRIT system
• .1.2 integrity and confidentiality issues
• .1.3 security issues
• .1.4 collection and dissemination of data
• .1.5 technical issues, such as the risk of
  interference to critical existing maritime
  radiocommunication services and the need for
  changes to the
• current AIS Class A equipment and
• .1.6 global policy issues, including the view
  that all countries should benefit from the
  development and implementation of this system
• .2 there was general support for the
  continuation of studies under the framework of
  ITU and
• .3 IMO should not make any commitment at this
  stage, awaiting the outcome of studies.

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Technical Clarifications on AIS Navigation Status
Considering the advent of Navigation Light
Controllers and Foreseen Equipment Interfacing

• Navigation Status
• 0 under way using engine (Rule 23(a)) or Rule
  25(e)), 1 at anchor (Rule 30(a-c)), 2
• not under command (Rule 27(a)), 3 restricted
  manoeuvrability (Rule 27(b-h)), 4
• constrained by her draught (Rule 28), 5 moored,
  6 aground (Rule 30(d)), 7 engaged
• in fishing-trawling (Rule 26(b)), 8 under way
  sailing (Rule 25), 9 engaged in fishing
• other than trawling (Rule 26(c)), 10
  air-cushion vessel in non-power-driven vessel
  towing
• astern (Rule 24(a)), 12 power-driven vessel
  pushing displacement mode or
• WIG craft taking off, landing or in flight
  (Rule23(b-c)), 11 ahead or towing alongside
• (Rule 24(b)), 13 in distress or requiring
  assistance (Rule 37), 14 AIS-SART, seeking
• to attract attention (Rule 36), 15 not defined
  defaulth

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Read more at www.navcen.uscg.gov
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United States Coast GuardWaterway Management
Questions
Thank You
Jorge.Arroyo_at_uscg.mil www.navcen.uscg.gov/enav cgn
av_at_uscg.mil 1-202-372-1563
U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Systems 2100 Second
St. SW Washington, DC 20953