Biochemistry Jeopardy

1
Biochemistry Jeopardy!
Structure of Atoms and Inorganic Compounds
Chemical Bonds
Chemical Reactions
Organic Compounds Take 1
Organic Compounds Take 2
Mixed Bag
100
100
100
100
100
100
200
200
200
200
200
200
300
300
300
300
300
300
400
400
400
400
400
400
500
500
500
500
500
500
FINAL QUESTION
2
Structure of Atoms and Inorganic Compounds100
Question

• An uncharged atom of argon has an atomic number
  of 18 and an atomic mass of 40. This atom has
  _________ protons, _______ neutrons, and
  __________electrons.

ANSWER
3
Structure of Atoms and Inorganic Compounds
100 Answer

• An uncharged atom of argon has an atomic number
  of 18 and an atomic mass of 40. This atom has
  _________ protons, _______ neutrons, and
  __________electrons.
• 18 protons
• 22 neutrons
• 18 electrons

4
Structure of Atoms and Inorganic Compounds 200
Question

• A radioactive isotope has a nucleus that
  ______________.
• a. is stable
• b. decays spontaneously
• c. has more protons than the common variant of
  the element
• d. has more electrons than the common variant of
  the element

ANSWER
5
Structure of Atoms and Inorganic Compounds 200
Answer

• A radioactive isotope has a nucleus that
  ______________.
• a. is stable
• b. decays spontaneously
• c. has more protons than the common variant of
  the element
• d. has more electrons than the common variant of
  the element

6
Structure of Atoms and Inorganic Compounds 300
Question

• How many electrons are in the outermost shell of
  7N (i.e. what is its valence state)?

ANSWER
7
Structure of Atoms and Inorganic Compounds 300
Answer

• How many electrons are in the outermost shell of
  7N (i.e. what is its valence state)?
• 2 in the 1st shell, 5 in the 2nd shell

8
Structure of Atoms and Inorganic Compounds 400
Question

• Define acid and base. Vinegar, pH 3, is how many
  times more acidic than pure water, pH 7?

ANSWER
9
Structure of Atoms and Inorganic Compounds 400
Answer

• Define acid and base. Vinegar, pH 3, is how many
  times more acidic than pure water, pH 7?
• Acids dissociate into H and anions
• Bases dissociate into OH- and cations
• Vinegar is 10,000 more acidic.

10
Structure of Atoms and Inorganic Compounds 500
Question

• The common antacid TUMS is composed
• primarily of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Explain,
  chemically, how this inorganic compound would
  ease an acid stomach.

ANSWER
11
Structure of Atoms and Inorganic Compounds 500
Answer

• The common antacid TUMS is composed primarily of
  calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Explain, chemically,
  how this inorganic compound would ease an acid
  stomach.
• Dissociation into CaO and CO2 will combine with
  H in stomach to neutralize the acid.

12
Chemical Bonds 100 Question

• Describe the bond that exists between water
  molecules. Is this is strong or weak bond?

ANSWER
13
Chemical Bonds 100 Answer

• Describe the bond that exists between water
  molecules. Is this type of bond weaker or
  stronger than an ionic bond?
• Hydrogen bonds a bond between a H atom of one
  molecule and an O atom of a neighboring molecule.
  Weaker bonds.

14
Chemical Bonds 200 Question

• What type of inorganic compound is NaCl? Describe
  the type of chemical bond holds the atoms
  together.

ANSWER
15
Chemical Bonds 200 Answer

• What type of inorganic compound is NaCl? Describe
  the type of chemical bond that holds the atoms
  together in the compound.
• NaCl is a salt that is held together by ionic
  bonds.

16
Chemical Bonds 300 Question

• Name two properties of water that are explained
  by its unique bonding properties.

ANSWER
17
Chemical Bonds 300 Answer

• Name two properties of water that are explained
  by its unique bonding properties.
• - Water is polar and thus a good solvent
• - Water has a high boiling and low freezing point
  (i.e. resists temperature change)

18
Chemical Bonds 400 Question

• Describe the type of bond that holds the carbon
  and oxygen atoms together in CO2.

ANSWER
19
Chemical Bonds 400 Answer

• Describe the type of bond that holds the carbon
  and oxygen atoms together in CO2.
• Double covalent bonds

20
Chemical Bonds 500 Question

• Give two examples of biological cations and two
  examples of anions.

ANSWER
21
Chemical Bonds 500 Answer

• Give two examples of biological cations and two
  examples of anions.
• Cations Anions
• Na Cl-
• K OH-
• H NO3-
• Ca2 PO4-3
• Mg2 SO4-2

22
Chemical Reactions 100 Question

• Classify the following chemical reaction
• Lactose ? glucose and galactose

ANSWER
23
Chemical Reactions 100 Answer

• Classify the following chemical reaction
• Lactose ? glucose and galactose
• This is an example of a decomposition or
  hydrolytic or catabolic reaction.

24
Chemical Reactions 200 Question

• What happens during an exergonic reaction?

ANSWER
25
Chemical Reactions 200 Answer

• What happens during an exergonic reaction?
• More heat is released than absorbed.

26
Chemical Reactions 300 Question

• All chemical reactions are based on synthesis and
  decomposition, so how would you describe an
  exchange reaction?

ANSWER
27
Chemical Reactions 300 Answer

• All chemical reactions are based on synthesis and
  decomposition, so how would you describe an
  exchange reaction?
• An exchange reactions are part synthesis and part
  decomposition
• AB CD ? AD BC
• NaOH HCL ? NaCl H2O

28
Chemical Reactions 400 Question

• Give 2 alternative names for a dehydration
  synthesis reaction, for example
• Glucose fructose ? sucrose H2O

ANSWER
29
Chemical Reactions 400 Answer

• Give 2 alternative names for a synthesis
  reaction, such as
• Glucose fructose ? sucrose H2O
• Anabolic reaction (in metabolism)
• Condensation reaction
• Endergonic reaction

30
Chemical Reactions 500 Question

• Bacteria use the enzyme urease to obtain nitrogen
  in a form they can use from urea in the following
  reaction
• CO(NH2)2 H2O ? 2NH3 CO2
• What purpose does urease serve in this reaction?
  What type of reaction is this?

ANSWER
31
Chemical Reactions 500 Answer

• Bacteria use the enzyme urease to obtain nitrogen
  in a form they can use from urea in the following
  reaction
• CO(NH2)2 H2O ? 2NH3 CO2
• What purpose does urease serve in this reaction?
  What type of reaction is this?
• Urease lowers the activation energy of this
  decomposition (or catabolic or hydrolytic)
  reaction.

32
Organic Compounds Take 1 100 Question

• Which of the following is an organic molecule?
• H2O (water)
• O2 (oxygen)
• C18H29SO3 (Styrofoam)
• FeO (iron oxide)
• F2CCF2 (Teflon)

ANSWER
33
Organic Compounds Take 1 100 Answer

• Which of the following is an organic molecule?
• H2O (water)
• O2 (oxygen)
• C18H29SO3 (Styrofoam)
• FeO (iron oxide)
• F2CCF2 (Teflon)

34
Organic Compounds Take 1 200 Question

• Name the following functional groups and list one
  type of macromolecule in which they are found
• -OH
• -NH2
• -PO4

ANSWER
35
Organic Compounds Take 1 200 Answer

• Name the following functional groups and list one
  type of macromolecule in which they are found
• -OH Alcohol- in lipids and carbs
• -NH2 Amino- in proteins
• -PO4 Phosphate- in nucleic acids

36
Organic Compounds Take 1 300 Question

• Classify the following as subunits of either a
  carbohydrate, a lipid, a protein or a nucleic
  acid
• CH3 (CH2)7 CHCH(CH2)7-COOH
• Thymine
• C6H12O6

ANSWER
37
Organic Compounds Take 1 300 Answer

• Classify the following as subunits of either a
  carbohydrate, a lipid, a protein or a nucleic
  acid
• CH3 (CH2)7 CHCH(CH2)7-COOH
• Lipid
• Thymine
• Nucleic acid
• C6H12O6
• Carbohydrate

38
Organic Compounds Take 1 400 Question

• Glucose (C6H12O6) and fructose (C6H12O6) are what
  type of carbohydrate?

ANSWER
39
Organic Compounds Take 1 400 Answer

• Glucose (C6H12O6) and fructose (C6H12O6) are what
  type of carbohydrate?
• Isomers of a monosaccharide
• OR
• Simple sugars

40
Organic Compounds Take 1 500 Question

• Give two examples of polysaccharides.

ANSWER
41
Organic Compounds Take 1 500 Answer

• Give two examples of polysaccharides.
• Glycogen
• Cellulose
• Dextran
• Chitin
• Starch

42
Organic Compounds Take 2 100 Question

• Describe the structure of a lipid and how a
  saturated fat differs from an unsaturated one.

ANSWER
43
Organic Compounds Take 2 100 Answer

• Describe the structure of a simple lipid and how
  a saturated fat differs from an unsaturated one.
• Triglycerides are composed of glycerol and three
  fatty acid tails/ hydrocarbon chains. Saturated
  fats have no double bonds in the hydrocarbon
  chain, all spots are filled with hydrogen.
  Unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds.

44
Organic Compounds Take 2 200 Question

• How does polarity of a simple lipid compare to a
  phospholipid? Why is the phospholipids
  polarity a biological necessity?

ANSWER
45
Organic Compounds Take 2 200 Answer

• How does polarity of a simple lipid compare to
  polarity of a phospholipid? Why is the
  phospholipids polarity a biological necessity?
• Simple lipids are non-polar. Phospholipids have
  a polar head and non-polar tails. This
  distribution of hydrophobic and hydrophilic
  regions is essential for creating the water
  barrier that is the plasma/cell membrane.

46
Organic Compounds Take 2 300 Question

• Peptide bonds link which functional groups from
  adjacent amino acids in a peptide chain?

ANSWER
47
Organic Compounds Take 2 300 Answer

• Peptide bonds link which functional groups from
  adjacent amino acids in a protein?
• They link a carboxyl group (-COOH) to an amino
  group (-NH2).

48
Organic Compounds Take 2 400 Question

• Name 3 types of intermolecular bonds that take
  place to create the tertiary structure of a
  protein.

ANSWER
49
Organic Compounds Take 2 400 Answer

• Name 3 types of intermolecular bonds that take
  place to create the tertiary structure of a
  protein.
• Hydrogen bonds
• Disulfide bridges
• Ionic bonds
• (hydrophobic interactions)

50
Organic Compounds Take 2 500 Question

• Describe the base pairing rules of DNA.

ANSWER
51
Organic Compounds Take 2 500 Answer

• Describe the base pairing rule of DNA. Why is
  this rule necessary to form the DNA helix?
• Cytosine always base pairs with Guanine
• Thymine always pairs with Adenine
• Purines A and G are double ring structures while
  T and C are single ring. The rules ensure
  equidistance between DNA molecules, forming the
  helix.

52
Mixed Bag 100 Question

• What happens to the relative amount of
  unsaturated lipids in its plasma membrane when E.
  coli grown at 25ºC are then grown at 37ºC?

ANSWER
53
Mixed Bag 100 Answer

• What happens to the relative amount of
  unsaturated lipids in its plasma membrane when E.
  coli grown at 25ºC are then grown at 37ºC?
• Relative amount decreases

54
Mixed Bag 200 Question

• Bacteria such as Pseudomonas are capable of
  converting methyl mercury (poisonous) to mercuric
  ions (safe) through the following reaction
• CH3Hg ? CH4 Hg2
• What microbiological application does this
  describe?

ANSWER
55
Mixed Bag 200 Answer

• Bacteria such as Pseudomonas are capable of
  converting methyl mercury (poisonous) to mercuric
  ions (safe) through the following reaction
• CH3Hg ? CH4 Hg2
• What microbiological application or tool does
  this describe?
• Bioremediation

56
Mixed Bag 300 Question

• Proteins are quite vulnerable to damage by common
  antimicrobial agents such as heat and
  disinfectants. What do these agents do to
  proteins and how does this affect the function of
  proteins?

ANSWER
57
Mixed Bag 300 Answer

• Proteins are quite vulnerable to damage by common
  antimicrobial agents such as heat and
  disinfectants. What do these agents do to
  proteins and how does this affect the function of
  proteins?
• Heat and chemicals disrupt the secondary,
  tertiary, and quaternary structure of proteins.
  This alters active sites (enzymes) and reduces or
  eliminates protein function.

58
Mixed Bag 400 Question

• Describe how the structure of ATP results in
  energy storage for a cell.

ANSWER
59
Mixed Bag 400 Answer

• Describe how the structure of ATP results in
  energy storage for a cell.
• ATP consists of adenine (nitrogenous base), a
  ribose sugar, and 3 phosphate groups. Bonds
  between the phosphate groups are high energy, so
  when the are formed, energy is stored. When
  broken, energy is released.

60
Mixed Bag 500 Question

• Many microbes get energy by taking sugar
  (C6H12O6) and oxygen gas (O2) and producing H2O
  and CO2 as waste. Using what you know of
  elements and isotopes, design an experiment to
  test whether the O in CO2 is coming from sugar or
  the oxygen gas.

ANSWER
61
Mixed Bag 500 Answer

• Many microbes get energy by taking sugar
  (C6H12O6) and oxygen gas (O2) and producing H2O
  and CO2 as waste. Using what you know of
  elements and isotopes, design an experiment to
  test whether the O in CO2 is coming from sugar or
  the oxygen gas.
• You could use a radioisotope of oxygen for
  oxygen gas and track the relative amount found in
  the CO2.

62
FINAL ROUND Question

• What is the atomic mass of an atom that has 6
  protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons?

ANSWER
63
FINAL ROUND Answer

• What is the atomic mass of an atom that has 6
  protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons?
• 12