Liliaceae Lily Family

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Liliaceae (Lily Family)
Habit herbs usually with bulbs and contractile
roots Leaves alternate and spiral, or whorled,
along stem or in a basal rosette, simple, entire,
parallel venation Inflorescence usually
determinate, terminal Flowers bisexual,
radial Tepals 6, distinct, petaloid, often with
spots or lines Stamens 6 Pollen monosulcate
Carpels 3, connate, ovary superior with axile
placentation Fruit loculicidal capsule.
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Floral Formula Floral Diagram
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Distribution and Ecology Widely distributed in
temperate regions of the Northern
Hemisphere. Genera/species 12/500 Major genera
Fritillaria (100 spp.) Gagea (90 spp.) Tulipa
(80 spp.) Lilium (80 spp.). Economic plants
and products Tulipa (tulips), Fritillaria
(fritillary), Lilium (lilies), and Erythronium
(trout lilies, adders-tongue) are important
ornamentals.
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Erythronium americanum
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Lilium catesbaei
Lilium michauxii
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Lilium philadelphicum var. andinum
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Agavaceae (Agave Family)
Habit usually large rosette herbs,
rhizomatous Stems with anomalous secondary
growth Leaves alternate and simple, in rosettes
at base or ends of branches, simple, usually
succulent, usually with a sharp spine at apex,
parallel venation Inflorescence determinate,
usually paniculate, terminal Flowers usually
bisexual, radial, often showy Tepals 6, distinct
to connate, petaloid Stamens 6 Pollen usually
monosulcate Carpels 3, connate, ovary superior
or inferior, with axile placentation Fruit a
loculicidal capsule.
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Floral Formula Floral Diagram
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Distribution and Ecology Widely distributed in
warm temperate to tropical regions of the New
World, and especially diverse in Mexico
characteristic of arid and semiarid
habitats. Genera/species 13/300 Major genera
Agave (300 spp.) Yucca (40 spp.) and Hosta (40
spp.). Economic plants and products Several
species of Agave (sisal hemp), Furcraea, and
Yucca are used as fiber sources, and a few
species of Agave are fermented to produce tequila
and mescal. Both Agave and Yucca are used in the
manufacture of oral contraceptives (due to their
steroidal saponins). Finally, several genera,
including Agave (century plant), Hosta, Manfreda,
Polianthes, and Yucca, are used as ornamentals.
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Yucca filamentosa
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Agave americanum
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Agave americanum
Agave spp.
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Amaryllidaceae (Amaryllis Family)
Habit herbs with a bulb from contractile
roots Stems reduced, characteristic amaryllis
alkaloids present Leaves alternate, usually
2-ranked, basal, simple, with parallel
venation Inflorescence determinate, composed of
one or more contractile helicoid cymes, and
appearing to be an umbel Flowers bisexual,
radial to bilateral, showy Tepals 6, distinct to
connate, petaloid, not spotted Stamens 6,
sometimes appendaged (and forming a staminal
corona) Pollen monosulcate or bisulcate
Carpels 3, connate, ovary inferior, with axile
placentation Fruit a loculicidal capsule.
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Floral Formula Floral Diagram
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Distribution and Ecology Widely distributed from
temperate to tropical regions, and especially
diverse in South Africa, Andean South America,
and the Mediterranean region. Genera/species
59/870 Major genera Crinum (130 spp.)
Hippeastrum (70 spp.) Zephyranthes (60 spp.)
Narcissus (30 spp.). Economic plants and
products The family includes numerous ornamental
genera Crinum (crinum lily), Eucharis (Amazon
lily), Galanthus (snowdrops), Hippeastrum
(amaryllis), Hymenocallis (spider lily),
Narcissus (daffodil), Zephranthes (rain lily,
zephyr lily), and Amaryllis (Cape belladonna).
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Crinum americanum
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Galanthus nivalis
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Hymenocallus latifolia
Hymenocallus speciosa
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Narcissus cultivar
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Narcissus tazella
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Iridaceae (Iris Family)
Habit herbs with rhizomes, corms, or bulbs Stems
styloids (large prismatic crystals) of calcium
oxalate present in sheaths of vascular
bundles Leaves alternate, 2-ranked, equitant
(oriented edgewise to the stem), and with a
unifacial blade Inflorescence determinate, a
scirpoid cyme Flowers bisexual, radial or
bilateral Tepals 6, the outer sometimes
differentiated from the inner, petaloid,
sometimes spotted Stamens (2) 3, sometimes
adnate to the perianth, anthers sometimes
sticking to style branches Pollen monosulcate
Carpels 3, connate, ovary usually inferior, with
axile placentation, style branches sometimes
expanded and petaloid
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Fruit a loculicidal capsule. Floral
Formula Floral Diagram
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Distribution and Ecology Widely
distributed. Genera/species 78/1750 Major
genera Gladiolus (255 spp.) Iris (250 spp.)
Moraea (125 spp.) Sisyrinchium (100 spp.)
Romulea (90 spp.) and Crocus (80 spp.).
Economic plants and products The stigmas of
Crocus sativus are the source of the spice
saffron. Numerous genera, including Crocus,
Tigridia (tiger flower), Freesia, Iris, Ixia
(corn lily), Romulea, etc., are used as
ornamentals.
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Belamcanda chinensis
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Belamcanda chinensis
Crocus vernalis
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Iris cristata
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Iris cultivar
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Iris foetidissima
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Iris foetidissima
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Neomarica northiana
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Sisyrinchium atlanticum