Major Events in Texas History

1
Major Events in Texas History

• 10,000 B.C.
• 1519, explorer Pifieda
• 1528, explorer Cabeza de Vaca

2
Major Events in Texas History

• 1541, Coronado
• 1682, 1st Spanish

3
French Influence

• 1685, La Salle

4
Spain Returns

• 1689, Spanish expedition
• 1718, Mission San Antonio de Valero
• Alamo compound

5
Mexican Independence

• 1821, Mexico gains independence.
• Texas territory called Coahuila y Tejas.
• Stephen F. Austin

6
Gathering Storm

• Mexico offers what to who and requires what?
• How does Mexico react to their actions what do
  Texans do?
• Then how does the Mexican government react?

7
War Revolution

• 10/2/1835, Battle of Gonzales "Come and Take It!

• Fresh in Texans memory is French Revolution,
  Mexican revolution, American expansion, Manifest
  Destiny idea of living free spreading like
  forest fire.
• 1835, Stephen F. Austin announced war with Mexico
  (liberty/freedom!)
• Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, the president of
  Mexico, Napolean of the West leads Mexican 6019
  man army against Texas rebels.

8
Battle of the Alamo

• 1836, Gov. Smith Texas Council order what?

9
Battle of the Alamo

• Band of 32
• Texas Declaration of Independence

10
Battle of the Alamo

• Travis sends Victory or Death letter
• Col. Juan Seguin ordered to ride out to seek
  reinforcements.
• Santa Anna ordered "Deguello
• Final pre-dawn battle of the Alamo.

11
Battle of the Alamo

• Siege lasted how long?
• What had Texans accomplished?

12
Millsaps Land Grant
13
Massacre at Coleto Creek

• Coleto Creek near Goliad.

14
Battle Cries forTexas Independence

• "Remember the Alamo!
• Remember Goliad!"
• "Thermopylae had its messenger of defeat ... the
  Alamo had none.
• From the fire that burned their bodies, rose the
  eternal spirit of sublime human sacrifice that
  gave birth to an empire state...

15
Battle of San Jacinto

• When where did it happen?
• What Texan was in command? Texans' movements
  screened by trees and the rising ground. 330 PM
  Mexicans in siesta with no lookouts to observe
  the movement.
• The battle line formed with Burleson's regiment
  in center, Sherman's on left wing, Hockleys
  artillery (The Twin Sisters) on Burleson's right,
  Millards Infantry at right of artillery, and
  Lamars cavalry on extreme right.
• The whole line, led by Sherman's men, sprang
  forward on the run with the cry, "Remember the
  Alamo!" "Remember Goliad!

16
San Jacinto Houston

• Battle lasted how long? What was accomplished?
• Who was the 1st President of the Republic of
  Texas, 1837-39
• October 1836, 1st Congress convened at the
  capitol in Columbia, now West Columbia (near
  Houston).
• Stephen F. Austin "Father of Texas. Secretary of
  State for Republic only 2 months. Died Dec. 27,
  1836
• Who then moved the capitol where?

17
Lamar Houston

• Mirabeau B. Lamar
• When was capitol moved to Austin why?

18
Black Bean Episode

• Somervell Expedition.
• What happened near the town of Mier, Mexico?
• What did Santa Anna do what did the Texans do?
• What happened next?

19
Republic Annexed by U.S.

• Politics of annexation when did Texas join the
  USA?
• What were Sam Houstons jobs in Texas?

20
Secession War

• 1/28/1861, Texas seceded from U.S.
• 3/2/1861, Texas joined the Confederate States of
  America.
• Gov. Houston refused to take oath to CSA
  resigned to avoid being thrown out of office.
• Houstons granite statue is 67 high in
  Huntsville, the tallest of any American hero.
• 50,000 Texans fought for CSA (1861-1865).
• 1st blood spilled, 4/1/61, in war between the
  states when a Mexican (Ochoa) hanged by Texas
  county officials supporting the confederacy.
  Ranger Captain John Ford (R.I.P.) and his men
  captured and killed 20 of Ochoas men. Ford
  became Texas confederacy best known soldier. He
  commanded the 1500 man Calvary of the West.
• Col. E.J. Davis began by leading the 1st Texas
  Union Cavalry. Was promoted to Brig Gen and
  commanded the Cavalry Division of Western
  Mississippi.

21
End of War

• 4/9/1865, Lee surrenders to Grant. Texas refuses
  to surrender!
• May 13, 1865, last land battle of Civil War
  fought at Palmito Hill, near mouth of Rio Grande
  River. Ranger Ford told Gen Slaughter, who was
  demoralized You can retreat and go to hell if
  you wish! These are my men and I am going to
  fight! On a nervous prancing horse he yelled at
  his Texans Men, we have never lost a fight and
  we can do it again! The troops cheered as he
  screamed Chaaaaarge!
• Texas Confederates win with no dead, but the
  unions 34th Indiana alone lost 220 of its 300!

• A few days later Union army sent flag of truce
  message about Appomattox. Ford cursed and said
  he would never surrender but would exchange
  courtesies. Gen. Slaughter also refused to
  surrender but sold Confederate artillery to
  Mexico for silver. Ford arrested him and
  distributed it to the troops for back pay and
  disbanded them on May 26, 1865.
• Many Confederates fled to Mexico with General
  Sheridans army on the way to fight them.
• There was never a formal surrender in Texas,
  unlike other states. The Texas Confederate Army
  government simply melted away. Tens of
  thousands of bluecoats arrived to restore order
  in Texas.

22
End of War

• Reconstruction, known as the 2nd Civil War,
  begins. Any who hinted resistance were arrested,
  humiliated publicly, imprisoned or killed.
• The Radicals, both native Scalawags, and
  Carpetbaggers, were political buccaneers. They
  disliked old Southern order and wished to remake
  Texas like a northern state. They were viewed as
  pirates, like E.J. Davis.
• Gen. Sheridan, in 1867 order, branded the Texans
  as an impediment to reconstruction.

• Of 31 million population, 2.4 million served, 1.1
  million military casualties (623,026 killed).
  Perhaps another ¼ million civilian casualties.
  Equivalent of about 11 million in todays
  population (higher in south). 1 in 10
  killed/injured in north 1 in 4 killed/injured in
  south.
• On June 2, 1865, Gen. EJ Davis represented the
  Union at Gen. Edmund Kirby Smith's surrender of
  the Trans-Mississippi West Confederate Army --
  the only significant Confederate army left.

23
Official Readmission to US

• Texas officially readmitted to the Union on March
  30, 1870 during Reconstruction that would not end
  until the Compromise of 1877 following the bitter
  Presidential election of 1876.
• July 1870, Battle of Little Washita River. Jim
  Dosher, Texas Ranger and Confederate vet, now US
  Army scout, wins Medal of Honor against Chief
  Kicking Bird his Kiowa Apaches who had stolen
  US Mail about 40 miles from Jacksboro.

24
Did You Know About Texas?

• 1901, Spindletop, near Beaumont, Texas' first
  oil gusher.
• 1978, 71 million barrels of oil pumped in Yoakum
  County. Average 195,000 barrels per day.
• Texas gross state product about 1.3 trillion
  (2nd highest state) gross national product about
  11 trillion.

25
Did You Know About Texas?

• 11/22/1963. President John F. Kennedy
  assassinated in Dallas. Vice-President Lyndon B.
  Johnson of Texas sworn in as President.
• Tidewater coastline of Texas stretches 624 miles
  along the Gulf of Mexico
• 600 historic shipwrecks.

26
Did You Know About Texas?

• 70,000 miles of highways.
• Texas has 6,300 square miles of inland lakes and
  streams,
• 2nd only to Alaska.
• Tallest point in Texas is Guadalupe Peak at 8,751
  feet.

27
Did You Know About Texas?

• Governor's Mansion, built in 1856, is oldest
  public building in Austin.
• Texas has 254 counties.
• Rockwall County (147 square miles) is the
  smallest.
• Brewster County (6,204 square miles) is the
  largest.

28
Did You Know About Texas?

• 267,000 square miles, while Alaska has 591,004 sq
  miles and is 1/5th the size of lower 48.
• 801 miles from NW corner of Panhandle to
  southern tip.
• 773 miles from western tip near El Paso to Sabine
  River.
• As large as all of New England, New York,
  Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Illinois combined.

29
STATE SYMBOLS

• "Texas" comes from Hasinai Indian word
  "tayshas," meaning friends, which Spanish
  pronounced Tejas, and Anglos pronounced Texas.

30
Texas flag

• Flag Known as Lone Star Flag. Adopted 1/25/1836,
  as Republic of Texas flag.
• The Texas flag is one of only two state flags to
  also serve as the symbol of an independent
  nation. The other is the state flag of Hawaii.
• The red, white and blue colors of the Lone Star
  flag represent bravery, purity and loyalty. The
  phrases "clouds up" and "blood runs down" are
  often used as reminders that the Texas flag's
  white stripe appears at the top and the red
  stripe appears at the bottom.
• Despite popular legend, the Texas flag is not the
  only state flag that may be displayed at the same
  height as the U.S. flag. All state flags may fly
  at the same height as the U.S. flag when
  displayed on an adjacent staff, according to U.S.
  flag code (Title 4, USC, Chap. 1), but if US flag
  is in a cluster of state flags, it must be in the
  center higher than the others. http//www.legion.o
  rg/word/flagcode.doc