Snmka 1

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Juraj Toporcak
HONEYBEESANDHISTORY
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HONEYBEES AND HISTORY Fossils

• Nogueirapis silacea (Wille, 1959)
• Mexican amber Oligocene
• Protobombus messelensis (Engel Wappler, 2003)
• Eocene

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HONEYBEES AND HISTORY

• Honey - in the 21-st Century BC honey finds
  mention in Sumerian and Babylonian cuneiform
  writings - the Hittite code

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HONEYBEES AND HISTORY Egypt

• Ebers papyrus
• 1552 BC
• Cataract was treated by a mixture of tortoise
  brain and honey
•  

G.M.Ebers,1875
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HONEYBEES AND HISTORY Egypt

• Hieroglyph used for Royal Identification
• "He of the Sedge and the Bee" is a royal title
  meaning the king of Upper (the sedge plant) and
  Lower (the bee) Egypt
• Bee glyph carved on a stone scarab amulet
• 1700 BC

JL. James, 1999
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HONEYBEES AND HISTORY

• ALEXANDRINE EMPIRE OF BABYLON
• 328-311 BC
• AR Double Shekel. Baal seated left, holding
  sceptre letter behind - Lion walking left bee
  above
• Greek Plated Coins

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HONEYBEES AND HISTORY Hippocrates 460 - 377 BC

• Honey and pollen cause
• warmth, clean sores and
• ulcers, soften hard ulcers of lips, heal
  carbuncles and
• running sores
• I eat honey and use it in the treatment of many
  diseases because honey offers good food and good
  health

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HONEYBEES AND HISTORY

• God tells Moses that He will bring him into the
  land of Canaan, the land flowing with milk and
  honey
• Exodus 38, 17
• In Biblical sources it is said that honey was the
  first and last food that Jesus Christ ate on Earth

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HONEYBEES AND HISTORY

• Mellis apes auide sic crebris ictibus aeris Ad
  dulcem ceram atque reuocantur odorum
• Copper etching by Ionnes Stradamus after Ion
  Gall, 1550
• Sebastian Münster
• Cosmographia
• Bern, 1545

Eva Crane, Bees and Beekeeping, 1990
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HONEYBEES AND HISTORY

• Stradivarius (1644 - 1737)
• handmixed his own propolis varnish to polish his
  handcrafted instruments

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HONEYBEES AND HISTORY Linne 1707 - 1778

• Bee The wind is transporting pollen from male to
  female dog's mercury

David Young

• Picture from Linnaeus book "Blomstrens biläger"
  from 1750

Linnéporträtt by T. Tullberg, Stockholm, 1907
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HONEYBEES AND HISTORY Slovakia
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HONEYBEES AND HISTORY

• Napoleon I
• eagle and bee, emblems of the First and later
  Second Empire
• symbol of immortality and resurrection, the bee
  was chosen so as to link the new dynasty to the
  very origins of France
• Lodewijk Napoleon (1806-1810)

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HONEYBEES AND HISTORY

• Bees and honey in the Kalevala
• Lemminkäinens mother, after finding that her son
  has been killed, goes to the netherworld.
  Collecting the severed pieces of the fallen
  heros body from the black river of death, she
  puts them together and revives her son by means
  of the nectar of immortality fetched for her from
  heaven by the honey bee

Akseli Gallen-Kallela, 1897, the Art Museum of
Ateneum/Antells collection
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HONEYBEES AND HISTORY

• Karl von Frisch 1886 1982
• Austrian ethologist who received the Nobel Prize
  in Physiology or Medicine in 1973
• demonstrated that honey bees have colour vision
• honey bees use a dance language to communicate
  food locations to other bees

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St. Ambrosius
The Patron Saint of Beekeepers