FOR 100 Pointer Notes Chapter 1 Forest Policy

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FOR 100Pointer Notes (Chapter 1 Forest
Policy)
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• FOR 100 A whirlwind tour
• REMEMBER I am your employee!

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LETS BEGIN THE TOUR!

• What kind of tree is it?
• Hardwood? Softwood?
• Angiosperm? Gymnosperm? Conifer?
• Deciduous? Evergreen?
• Lodgepole pine? Pinus contorta Dougl.?
• Check out http//www.cnr.vt.edu/dendro/
• What kind(s) of tree(s) for veneer?

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U.S. FOREST POLICY HISTORY

• Q Why examine forest policy development?
• A To understand present forest policy

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U.S. FOREST POLICY HISTORY

• What is forest policy?
• Principles that govern action aimed at specific
  forestry goals

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POLICY-MAKING PROCESS

• Can resolve differences
• Involves
• Legislation
• Regulation
• Citizens direct actions
• Interpretation (judicial action)
• Process is never-ending
• New problems arise
• Problems arise due to past policies

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1ST FOREST POLICIES IN NORTH AMERICA

• Native Americans (First Nations)
• Communicated orally and by practice

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WHAT WERE FORESTS TO COLONISTS?

• Benefits
• Wood for construction
• Fuel for glassmaking
• Costs
• Cover for unfriendly natives
• Obstacles to farms and roads

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LIMITLESS WOOD SUPPLY?

• ? Acceptance of waste
• ? Exhaustion of local timber supplies
• ? First written American forest policy (1626,
  Plymouth)
• ? Britains Broad Arrow Policy (1691)
• Covered Nova Scotia to New Jersey by 1721
• Opposed by colonists

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THE NEW NATION

• Articles of Confederation beginning of public
  domain
• After war of 1812 U.S. Navy was authorized to
  reserve public-domain lands containing useful
  trees
• Opposed by public

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WESTWARD EXPANSION (i.e. DEVELOPMENT)

• 1873 Timber Culture Act
• 1878 Free Timber Act
• 1878 Timber And Stone Act
• ? Speculation fraud common
• ? Military land bounties quoted on NYSE!

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BEGINNING OF END OF TIMBER STEALING

• 1877 Carl Schurz appointed Secretary of
  Interior
• Vigorous law enforcement
• Fines imprisonment for illegal cutting
• 1885 New York Forest Preserve (now Adirondack
  Park)

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FEDERAL FOREST RESERVES

• 1891 General Revision Act (protests from West
  because no provision for use)
• 1897 Organic Administration Act (defined uses
  for Forest Reserves)
• 1898 Gifford Pinchot appointed Head, Division
  of Forestry (Dept. of Agriculture)

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GIFFORD PINCHOTS INFLUENCE

• 1905 Forest reserves transferred from Dept. of
  Interior to Dept. of Agriculture
• 1905 Name change to Forest Service
• 1907 Name change to National Forests
• Teddy Roosevelt adds to National Forests
• Before TR 19 million hectares
• After TR gt90 million hectares

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1900s CONSERVATION vs. PRESERVATION

• 1916 National Park Act
• 1924 First wilderness area (Gila, NM)
• 1926 National Wilderness System
• 1944 Sustained Yield Forest Management Act
• WWII Timber harvest exceeds growth

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1900'S CONSERVATION vs. PRESERVATION

• 1950's Recreation in National Forests
• Often conflicted with logging
• Foresters began to be on the defensive
• 1960 Multiple Use-Sustained Yield Act
• 1964 Wilderness Act

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1900'S CONSERVATION vs. PRESERVATION

• 1973 WV District Federal Court effectively
  banned clearcutting in its district
• 1976 National Forest Management Act
• 2001 Roadless Area Conservation Rule
• 2003 Healthy Forests Restoration Act

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CURRENT NATIONAL FOREST POLICY

• 1. For permanent good of the whole people
• 2. All resources may be used
• 3. Conflicts decided by greatest good of
  greatest number in the long run

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FOREST POLICY CONCLUSIONS

• The policy process
• subjective
• no single best decision criterion
• debate compromise
• judgement of professionals not always accepted
• involves citizens courts
• ever more complex

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