LIVING TOGETHER

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LIVING TOGETHER
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Community

• All living things live together
• Many different ways of interacting
• Predation
• Parasitism
• Mutualism
• Commensalism
• Competitively

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Predation

• The act of one organism killing the other for
  food.
• (,-) relationship
• Examples
• Lion killing a zebra for food
• A spider killing a fly for food

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Symbiotic relationships

• Symbiosis-living together in a long-term
  association
• Three types of symbiotic relationships
• Parasitism
• Mutualism
• Commensalism

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Parasitism

• One organism feeds on another organism, hurting
  its host
• (,-) relationship
• Have specific adaptations that allow them to live
  off another species.
• Examples
• Tape worm in animals
• Ticks, fleas, mosquitos

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Mutualism

• A relationship where both species benefit.
• (,) relationship
• Examples
• Flowers and pollinators
• Bacteria and legumes

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Commensalism

• A relationship where one species benefits and the
  other isnt harmed or helped.
• (,0) relationship
• Examples
• Clown fish and the anemone
• Barnacles and whales

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Competition

• When two species use the same resource they
  compete.
• Competition is determined by a species niche
• NicheThe functional role of a particular species
  in an ecosystem.
• What does it eat?
• What job does it perform?
• When does it mate?
• When does it eat?

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Niches

• A species utilizes certain resources in its
  habitat.
• Depending on how many other species it needs to
  compete with determines its niche.
• Two types of niches-
• Fundamental niche-where a species potentially
  occupies.
• Realized niche-where a species actually occupies.

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Example

• A warbler lives in a spruce tree
• Fundamental niche-spruce trees
• Many different warblers compete for food and
  nests in the spruce tree leading each to find
  their own space.
• Realized niche-the top of a spruce tree

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Exclusion

• Competition drives species to adapt.
• If two species are competing for resources, the
  one that uses the resources more efficiently will
  surviveThis is the competitive exclusion
  principle.
• This only happens when resources are very
  limited-most times species learn to coexist.