Julius Caesar

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Bellringer What motivates soldiers to fight?
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After Sulla

• Marcus Licinius Crassus
• Junior officer of Sulla
• Profited enormously from shady dealings (richest
  man in Rome)
• Defeated Spartacus in 71 BC
• Friend of Caesar (provided money for his
  political campaigns)
• Gnaeus Pompeius (Pompey)
• Junior officer of Sulla
• Only 25 years old (Teen-age slaughterer)
• Skillful military recruiter whose confidence
  annoyed and frightened the Senate
• Eventually would marry Caesars daughter Julia

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Pompey
Crassus
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• In 70 BC they both marched on Rome with their
  troops and seized the office of consul for
  themselves
• Worked to weaken the Senate
• Crassus remained in Rome and became powerful
  (controlled politics in Senate)
• Pompey spends next ten years carrying out
  important military campaigns (hero, brought to
  Rome) promises his soldiers land after his
  victories in Asia Minor

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First Triumvirate (60-53 BC)

• When Pompey returned to Rome the Senate refused
  his request to grant land to his soldiers, he
  formed alliance with two other generals called
  the First Triumvirate
• Pompey, Crassus Caesar
• Divided Roman territory between all three
• Gaius Julius Caesar
• Considered one of the best military commanders of
  all time
• Governor of Cisalpine Gaul (58 BC)
• Most significant accomplishment was the conquest
  of Gaul (western Europe) 58-51 BC

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Caesar in Gaul
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Julius Caesar
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First Triumvirate

• In 53 Crassus died fighting and Pompey allied
  himself with Senate against Caesar
• In 50 BC Senate ordered Caesar to disband his
  troops (became too powerful had conquered all
  of Gaul)
• Crossing the Rubicon (civil war began)
• The die is cast.
• 48 BC Caesar defeats Pompey in Greece
• 47 BC meets Cleopatra in Egypt (helps her defeat
  the King makes her Queen of Egypt)
• 44 BC became dictator for life

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Roman Senator Cato declares Caesar a tyrant!
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Caesar in Egypt
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In closing

• 1. Who made up the First Triumvirate?
• 2. Why was the First Triumvirate formed?
• 3. What was the final result of the First
  Triumvirate?

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Write one paragraph

• Would you rather live in a free society with a
  weak ineffective government or a dictatorship
  with a strong effective government? Explain your
  answer. Use an example.

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Who is Julius Caesar?
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Veni, Vidi, Vici!

• Born into patrician family (father was a praetor
  and his uncle was Gaius Marius)
• One of the most influential men in world history
• Immense charm (inspired loyalty from both men and
  women)
• Poet and a scholar
• Roman military and political leader
• Strong will and acted with resoluteness and
  consistency
• Immensely popular with the middle and lower
  classes

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Reforms of Caesar

• Pardoned many senators who had betrayed him
• Redistributed the land moved settlers into new
  provinces (war veterans and other landless
  plebeians)
• Extended citizenship to conquered people
• Started public works projects for unemployed
  (building roads and buildings and draining the
  marshes around Rome)
• He planned and paid for gladiatorial games free
  to the public
• Introduced a new calendar based on Hellenistic
  astronomy (still in use with minor
  modifications- today)
• Cracked down on corruption and fraud in
  government
• Appointed dictator for life in 44 BC

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Caesars Triumph
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• After hearing of Caesars reforms and the
  positive changes he brought to Roman society, has
  your opinion changed about living in a society
  with a dictator and strong government?