NEW WORLD EXPERIMENTS: ENGLANDS SEVENTEENTHCENTURY COLONIES

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NEW WORLD EXPERIMENTS ENGLANDS
SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY COLONIES

• America Past and Present
• Chapter 2

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The Stuart Monarchs
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Four Colonial Subcultures

• The Chesapeake
• New England
• Middle Colonies
• The Carolinas

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Entrepreneurs in Virginia

• Joint-stock companies provide financing
• English stockholders in Virginia Company expect
  instant profits
• Jamestown, commercial venture, settled 1607
• Colonys location in a swamp unhealthy
• Competition from expansive Powhattans
• Colonists do not work for common good

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Chesapeake Colonies, 1640
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Spinning Out of Control

• 1608-1609--John Smith imposes order
• 1609--London Company reorganizes colonial
  government
• 1610-- Starving Time ended by arrival of fresh
  settlers
• Conflict with Powhattans
• Contributes to starving time
• 1622natives attempt to drive out English
• 1644second attempt to drive out English
  Powhattan empire destroyed

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Stinking Weed

• 1610 John Rolfe introduces tobacco
• Tobacco becomes major crop
• Virginia Company makes changes
• House of Burgesses gives Virginia self-government
• Headright System

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Time of Reckoning

• Population increase prevented by imbalanced sex
  ratio
• 3,570 colonists to Virginia
• Men outnumber women six to one
• Contagious disease kills settlers
• 1622 Powhattan attack kills 347 settlers

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Corruption and Reform

• 1624 King James I dissolves London Company
• Virginia becomes a royal colony
• House of Burgesses continues to meet

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Maryland A Troubled Refuge for Catholics

• 1632 King gives charter to Lord Baltimore
• Initiated by Lord Baltimore as refuge for
  English Catholics
• Settled by Catholics and Protestants
• Eventually problems between Catholics and
  Protestants

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New England

• 1620 Pilgrims founded Plymouth
• Pilgrims are Separatists who want to separate
  from the Church of England
• Mayflower Compact
• Plymouth a society of small farming villages
• 1691 absorbed into Massachusetts

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THE GREAT MIGRATION

• Puritans remain in Church of England reform
  or purify it
• 1629 Puritans despair as King Charles I begins
  rule against Puritans
• 1630 John Winthrop leads Puritan group to
  Massachusetts for religious regions
• Brings Company Charter

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A City on a Hill

• 1630-1640--16,000 immigrated
• Settlers usually came as family units
• Area generally healthy
• Puritans sacrifice self-interest for the good of
  the community

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A City on a Hill (2)

• Puritans establish Congregationalism
• a state-supported system in which each
  congregation is independently governed by local
  church members
• Freemen status - Puritan civil government permits
  voting by all adult male church members
• Elected officials not to concern themselves with
  voters wishes

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A City on a Hill (3)

• Local, town governments autonomous
• Most participated in public life at town level
• Townships commercial properties, shares of which
  could be bought and sold
• Village life intensely communal

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Limits of Dissent Roger Williams

• An extreme Separatist
• Questioned the validity of the colonys charter
• Defended rights of Native Americans
• Williams expelled to Rhode Island, 1636

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Limits of DissentAnne Hutchinson

• Believed herself directly inspired by the Holy
  Spirit
• Believed converted persons could live without
  the Moral Law
• Banished to Rhode Island by General Court

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Different But All of Puritan Tradition

• New Hampshire--insignificant until eighteenth
  century
• Rhode Island--received dissenters from
  Massachusetts
• Connecticut--founded by Thomas Hooker
• New Haven--absorbed into Connecticut

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New England Colonies, 1650
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Diversity in the Middle Colonies

• New York
• New Jersey
• Pennsylvania
• Delaware

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Middle Colonies, 1685
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Anglo-Dutch Rivalry on the Hudson

• Location Hudson River
• New Netherlands originally property of Dutch West
  Indies Company
• Population included Finns, Swedes, Germans,
  Africans, as well as Dutch
• 1664--English fleet captured colony
• Take over had little immediate effect on New York

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Confusion in New Jersey

• Colony sold by Duke of York to Lord Berkeley and
  Sir George Carteret
• Settlers refuse to pay rents
• grounds New York governor had promised
  representative assembly
• Berkeley splits colony by selling out to Quaker
  group

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Confusion in New Jersey (2)

• West Jersey becomes Quakers colony
• Democratic system of government introduced
• Diverse, contentious
• Neither Jersey prospers, reunited by the crown in
  1702

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Quakers in America

• Pennsylvania founding inseparable from Quakers
• Quaker a derogatory term for those who tremble
  at the word of the Lord
• Members call sect Society of Friends
• Humility and Pacifism

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Penn's "Holy Experiment"

• Aristocrat William Penn converts to the Society
  of Friends
• Obtains a charter for Pennsylvania
• "Holy Experiment"--a society run on Quaker
  principles
• Promotes religious toleration
• Refuge for Quakers but Accepts all

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Settling Pennsylvania

• Immigrants recruited from England, Wales,
  Ireland, and Germany
• Quaker population racked by contention
• Non-Quaker population does not share Penns
  ideals
• 1701--Penn grants self-rule to Pennsylvania
  colonists, independence to Delaware

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Proprietors of the Carolinas

• Granted by Charles II in 1663 to eight
  Proprietors to reward loyalty
• Tried to recruit settlers from established
  American colonies
• they were not easily persuaded
• Few inhabitants in first years

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The Barbadian Connection

• Anthony Ashley Cooper encourages settlement by
  planters from Barbados
• Rice becomes main crop
• Barbadians settle around Charleston
• Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina drawn up
  by John Locke
• Barbadians and others disagree
• Strife prompts Crown to take over, divide Carolina

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Founding of Georgia

• Georgia founded by James Oglethorpe in 1732
• Strategic purpose buffer between Carolinas and
  Spanish Florida
• Charitable purpose refuge for imprisoned
  debtors from England
• By 1751 a small slave colony

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The Carolinas and Georgia
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Living with Diversity

• All colonies faced early struggle to survive
• Distinct regional differences intensified and
  persisted throughout the colonial period
• Colonists eventually saw themselves as a distinct
  people