Forms of Government

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Forms of Government
                                                
            

• 9th Grade World Studies- PCFC 2009

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Define Government

• The power or authority
• that rules a country.

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Forms of Government in which people have a say
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Democracy

• Literally means rule by the people. All
  citizens have a vote or voice in shaping policy.
• Two Types
• Direct Democracy All citizens vote directly on
  all major policy decisions. No middlemen.
• Republic - Citizens elect representatives to a
  governing body that makes major policy decision.

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The United States is a Federalist Presidential
Republic

• Federalist power sharing system with a central
  government that allows for separate local
  governments
• Presidential having a president
• Republic electing representatives

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U.S. System of Government - Federalist
Presidential Republic
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Branches of Government

• Executive the branch of government that
  executes (or carries out the laws)
• Legislative the branch of government that
  writes the laws
• Judicial the branch of government that
  determines if the laws are constitutional

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Bicameral vs. Unicameral

• Bicameral a 2 chambered legislative body
• For example U.S. Congress the Senate and the
  House of Representative
• Unicameral a single chambered legislative body

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Presidential System

• Separation between the executive and legislative
  branch
• President is both head of state and head of
  government
• President has a fixed term of office scheduled
  elections
• First Past the Post
• Examples United States, Indonesia, and Mexico.

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Parliamentary System

• No clear separation of powers between the
  executive and the legislative branches
• Flexibility and responsiveness to the public
• Distinction between
• - head of state
• - head of government
• Proportional Representation
• Examples Canada and Great Britain

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Forms of Government in which people do not have a
say
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Totalitarianism Rule by an single party where
votes for alternative candidates or parties are
not allowed. The country is governed by an
absolute ruler called a dictator. No laws
restrict dictators power
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Under a Totalitarianism Regime

• The state regulates nearly every aspect of public
  and private behavior everything is done for the
  benefit of the state.
• State maintains control through media,
  restriction of free speech, secret police, terror
  tactics, etc.
• Examples
• Stalins Russia, Mussolinis Italy

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Fascism

• A political philosophy that promotes strong,
  central government controlled by the military and
  led by a powerful dictator.
• Everything is done for the glory of the state.

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Monarchy

• Literally means rule by one.
• Monarchs usually gain position by birthright and
  stay in power for life.
• Divine Right The doctrine that monarchs derive
  their right to rule directly from God and are
  accountable only to God.
• Different names for monarch
• king, emperor, tsar, kaiser, sultan

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Two types of Monarchy

• Absolute Monarchy Monarch rules freely with no
  limits
• Constitutional Monarchy Monarch is still
  recognized as head of state, but power is limited
  by a constitution, or set of laws. Often this
  type of monarchy features a separation of powers.

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SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEMS

• Theocracy
• Capitalism
• Socialism
• Communism

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One Social System - Theocracy

• A form of government in which a god is recognized
  as the supreme civil ruler, the god's laws (or
  religious precepts) become the states laws.
• In a secular society
• There is a legal separation of church and state.
  

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Economic Systems Capitalism

• A system in which investment in, and ownership
  of, the means of production, distribution, and
  exchange of wealth is made and maintained chiefly
  by private individuals or corporations
• The United States has a free- market economy -
  Capitalism

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Capitalism Demonstrated
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Socialism

• A system of organization that advocates community
  ownership and control of the means of production
  and distribution of capital, land, etc.
• Individual citizens can own property (i.e., a
  house, a car, a book, etc.)

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Socialism Cont.

• Society values labor as much as earnings
• Smaller gap between the rich and the poor
• Basic needs (education, health care, pensions,
  etc.) provided by the state
• Ex Scandinavia

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Socialism Demonstrated
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Communism

• From each according to his ability and to each
  according to his need (Marx Engels).
• Community ownership of the means of production
  and property
• No private property rights and true equality for
  all
• Examples ???

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Communism Demonstrated
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The Chain
Step 1
Step 3
Capitalism
Communism
Citizens own means of production and products
Government owns means of production and products
Step 2
Socialism
Government owns means of production, citizens own
products
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Additional terms to know

• Anarchy The absence of law and order. Survival
  of the fittest dominates decision making.
• Aristocracy A nation ruled by the nobility or
  another group or class considered superior to
  others.
• Oligarchy a form of government in which all
  power is vested in a few persons or in a dominant
  class or clique government by the few.

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Terms Continued

• Colonial Any country that exercises control
  over another territory. The colony is officially
  a part of the parent country.
• Imperial The policy of extending the rule or
  authority of an empire or nation over foreign
  countries. This can be through political and/or
  economic dominance.

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Works Cited

• Dictionary.com
• Classroom Posters
• Wikipedia
• http//dspace.dial.pipex.com/town/street/pl38/sect
  2.htm
• Liberalism, Socialism and Communismlinks in the
  chains of slavery By Wesley Bailor
  http//www.eco.freedom.org/articles/bailor-205.sht
  ml
• MSN Encarta
• Civics Text, Glencoe McGraw-Hill