Who Governs

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Who Governs?
Part I Authoritarianism
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The Basic Question

• Where is the power to govern vested?
• The One
• The Few
• The Many

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Authoritarianism

• Rule by one or the few (as opposed to the many,
  in the case of democracy)
• Elites (rulers) are not responsible to the mass
  public
• Limited pluralism (or total lack thereof)

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Linz's Definition
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Types of Authoritarian Regimes

• GENERAL
• Conservative aimed at keeping the existing
  political power structure in place.
• Radical seeking to restructure society (likely
  in terms of class)

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Types of Authoritarian Regimes

• SPECIFIC
• Personalistic (sultanistic, patrimonial rule)
• Traditional
• Dynastic (hereditary)
• Theocratic regimes

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Types of Authoritarian Regimes

• Military Regimes
• can be conservative or radical (although
  typically conservative)
• Bureaucratic-Authoritarianism
• Single-Party Rule
• Ideological
• Fascism
• Communism
• Others
• Technocratic

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Totalitarianism

• An official, all-encompassing ideology covering
  all aspects of existence and to which everyone
  living in the society must adhere.
• A single mass party, typically led by one person,
  combined with and inseparable from the
  governmental apparatus, and monopolizing all
  political activities.

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Totalitarianism

• A system of terroristic police control employing
  modern torture and surveillance techniques.
• A technological monopoly in the hands of the
  party or dictator controlling all means of mass
  communication, such as the press, radio,
  television, and motion pictures.

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Totalitarianism

• A similar monopoly, under the same control, of
  all means of armed combat.
• A central control and direction of the entire
  economy, including bureaucratic coordination of
  all formerly independent interest associations,
  typically including all group and corporate
  activities
• (Source Wiarda 2000121-122, as adapted from
  Friedrich and Brzezinski 1962)

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TABLE 1.1 (Huntington 199126) Democratization in
the Modern World
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Huntingtons Waves of Democratization (and
Reverse Waves)