Title: The Darwinian Influence and
1Chapter 10 The Darwinian Influence and the Rise
of Mental Testing
21744-1829
1. Inheritance of acquired characteristics.
Jean Lamarck
1820-1903
1. Evolutionary associationism 2.
Spencer-Bain principle 3. Social Darwinism
4. Purposive mechanism of perfection
Herbert Spencer
1809-1882
1. The voyage of the Beagle 2. Three pillars
Malthusian Thesis, variation, natural selection
3. Alfred Russel Wallace 4. On the Origin of the
Species(1859) 5. The Descent of Man (1874)
6. The Expression of Emotion in Man and Animals
(1872) 7. Sociobiology
Charles Darwin
1822-1911
1. Exploring, travel, mapmaking, fingerprints
2. Measurement of intelligence 3. Eugenics 4.
Variance and correlation 4. Nature-nurture
controversy 5. Anthropometry 6. Karl Pearson
(1857-1936) 7. Regression toward the mean
Francis Galton
1860-1944
1. Worked with Wundt, interest in individual
differences 2. Correspondence led to working with
Galton at Cambridge
James McKean Cattell
1. Began with Charcot 2. Individual differences
3. With Theodore Simon 4. 1905 Binet-Simon Scale
5. William Sterns IQ (1911)
1857-1911
Alfred Binet
1863-1945
1. General intelligence 2. Factor analysis 3.
Cyril Burt (1885-1971)
Charles Spearman
1866-1957
1. Study of Kallikak family 2. Mental testing
and immigration
Henry Herbert Goddard
1877-1956
1. Stanford-Binet tests 2. Genetic Studies of
Genius (1926)
Louis M. Terman
1886-1939
1. Nurture side of debate 2. Columbia w.
Thorndike 4. Gifted Children (1926), Children
Above 180 IQ (1942)
Leta Stetter Hollingworth
1876-1956
1. APA Pres in 1917 2. Army alpha and beta
tests 3. Yerkes primate laboratory
Robert Yerkes
1900
1875
1850
1825
1800
3- Given the fact that rudimentary theories of
evolution go back at least as far as the early
Greeks, why did it take until the 10th century
for adequate theories of evolution to develop?
269 - Summarize Lamarcks theory of evolution. 269-270
- Describe Spencers social Darwinism and explain
why it was so popular in the United States.
271-272 - What is the Spencer-Bain principle? 271
- What were the ironies concerning Darwins voyage
aboard the Beagle? 274 - Why did Darwin delay publication of his theory
for so long? What finally prompted him to publish
it? 274 - Summarize Darwins theory of evolution. 275
- Compare Darwins concept of fitness with the
sociobiologists concept of inclusive fitness What
are the implications of the difference between
the two concepts for the explanation of human and
social behavior? (E. O. Wilson, Sociobiology,
The New Synthesis (1975).) 276-277 - How did Galton support his argument that eugenics
should be practices? 278-279 - Explain why Galtons measures of intelligence
were mainly sensory in nature. 278 - Summarize Galtons contributions to psychology.
278-279 - Describe Cattells approach to intelligence
testing and explain why that approach was
eventually abandoned. 281-283 - In what ways did Binets approach to intelligence
testing differ from Galtons and Cattells?
285-286 - Describe the 1905 Binet-Simon scale of
intelligence. How was the scale revised in 1908?
In 1911? 285-286 - What procedure did Stern suggest for reporting a
persons intelligence? Why did Binet oppose this
procedure? 287
4- What did Binet mean by mental orthopedics? Why
did Binet believe that such exercises were
valuable? 287 - Summarize Spearmans view of intelligence. 288
- What was the Burt scandal? In what way did it
reflect the age-old controversy concerning nature
versus nurture? Were the issues involved
scientific or political? (Herrnstrin and Murrays
The Bell Curve, 1994) 289 - What conclusions did Goddard reach when he
administered the Binet-Simon scale to school
children in the United States? 290 - What procedures did Goddard suggest for stopping
the deterioration of intelligence in the United
States? In suggesting these procedures, what
assumption did he make? 291 - Summarize the conclusions Goddard reached when he
traced the ancestry of Deborah Kallikak. 291 - Did Goddard cause many immigrants to be
unjustifiable deported? Justify your answer. 291
rt col - In what important way did Terman modify the
Binet-Simon scale? 292 (Kyle Hansen comment) - What prompted Termans longitudinal study of
gifted individuals? Summarize the results of that
study. 293-294 - Summarize Leta Stetter Hollingworths
contributions to psychology. 295-296 - How did Yerkes suggest that psychologists help in
the war effort? Was the effort that resulted from
this suggestion a success or a failure? 297-298 - What arguments were offered in opposition to the
contention that intelligence tests were measuring
innate intelligence? - In what way was the controversy surrounding the
publication of The Bell Curve the same as that
surrounding the Burt scandal? 299 - Where do most psychologists today stand on the
nature-nurture question as it applies to
intelligence? 300
5http//www.catholicherald.com/concannon/kencon04/c
hesterton.htm
Site no longer works
6http//chesterton.org/
7http//chesterton.org/acs/quotes.htm
8(No Transcript)
9End