Brucellosis

1
Brucellosis

• 100 to 200 cases occur each year in US
• Worldwide distribution
• More common in countries without good
  standardized and effective public health and
  domestic animal health programs
• High risk areas Portugal, Spain, Southern
  France, Italy, Greece, Turkey, North Africa,
  South and Central America, Eastern Europe, Asia,
  Africa, the Caribbean, Middle East

2
Brucellosis

• abortions, infertility, and lowered milk
  production
• 1952 annual cost 400 M
• lt 1 M today
• 1956 124,000 infected herds in US
• 1992 700 herds
• 2000 6 herds
• Undulant fever in humans (flu-like symptoms,
  months to yrs)
• Since 2002, 48 states brucellosis-free status

3
Brucellosis

• bison and elk in GYA
• Maintain free-ranging bison and prevent exposure
  to cattle
• 1934 Brucellosis Eradication Program for bison in
  YNP, include border control program
• Until 1988, few bison left YNP

4
Brucellosis

• 1996-97 bison herd at record levels
• Harsh winter
• 1,079 bison that left YNP were shot
• 1,300 bison in YNP starved
• gt50 of bison herd ()

5
Brucellosis

• Wind Cave NP and Custer State Park, SD
• Wichita Mountain Wildlife Refuge, OK
• UV-B and temp important in determining how long
  Brucella viable in fetal tissue
• 3 days (late spring) to 78 days (mid-winter)
• Fetuses scavenged, avg 15 days

6
Brucellosis

• Greater Yellowstone Interagency Brucellosis
  Committee (GYIBC) NPS, USFWS, USGS, USFS, USDA
  APHIS, Idaho, Montana Wyoming
• Developed Interagency Bison Management Plan
  (IBMP) to further the goals and objectives of the
  GYIBC. Agree on core principles
• Conservation of viable wild and free-ranging elk
  and bison herds in the GYA
• Maintenance of a viable livestock industry in the
  GYA
• Commitment to the eventual elimination of
  brucellosis from bison and other wildlife.

7
Brucellosis

• Hazing efforts, capture testing and relocation,
  lethal removal
• RB51 vaccine

8
Bovine TB in MN

• Since 2005, 11 cattle farms
• Since fall 2007, 21 wild deer () within 5 mi.

9
Bovine TB in MN

• Fall 2006 Ban on rec. feeding in 4,000 mi2 area
• 2006-07 aerial survey 900 deer in core area
  29 illegal bait sites
• Feb 2007, contract with APHIS-WS sharpshooting
  in core area
• Removed 488 deer (6)
• Fall 2007, new deer permit area created for TB
  zone
• 1,166 deer harvested (4)
• Prevalence estimated at 0.37
• Jan 2008 aerial survey 800 deer in core area

10
Bovine TB in Manitoba

• Since 1991, Manitoba 40 elk and 8 white-tailed
  deer have tested positive for bovine tuberculosis
  in the Riding Mountain area. 

11
Bovine TB

• UK
• Badgers (Meles meles) and cattle

12
Bovine TB

• New Zealand
• Brush tail possum

13
Bovine TB in MI

• History of bovine TB in Michigan cattle
• Bovine TB into wild deer herd reservoir for
  reinfection of cattle
• 1975 TB deer, Alcona Co.
• 1994 TB deer, Alpena Co.
• Triggers testing of deer

14
Bovine TB in MI

• Michigan Bovine TB Eradication Project
• Multi-agency team of experts from the MDA, DNR,
  DCH, MSU, USDA

15
Bovine TB in MI

• Surveys of deer pop.
• Testing of harvested deer
• Ban baiting
• Reduce interactions with cattle (conc. feed)
• Testing of cattle herds, depopulate if

16
Bovine TB in MI

• Coyotes as sentinels
• 58 of 175 coyotes tested positive
• Prevalence by county ranged from 19 to 52 (mean
  33, SE 0.07)
• Prevalence in deer (n 3,817) was lower (i.e.,
  1.49
• Focus on coyotes rather than deer, sampled 97
  fewer individuals and increased the likelihood of
  detecting M. bovis by 40.
• Sentinel coyote surveys have the potential to be
  practical indicators of M. bovis presence in
  wildlife and livestock.

VerCauteren et al. 2008