Title: Give Me Liberty
1Chapter 10
Norton Media Library
Give Me Liberty! An American History Second
EditionVolume 1
by Eric Foner
2I. Triumph of democracy
- Elimination of property qualifications for voting
- Enfranchisement of wage-earning men
- Popular pressures behind
- Uneven pace of, state by state
- Dorr War
3I. Triumph of democracy (contd)
- Elements of democracy
- Mass participation in politics
- Liveliness of the public sphere
- Democracy as habit of the heart (Alexis de
Tocqueville) - Democracy as hallmark of American freedom
- Democratic ideal as radical departure in Western
thought - Boundaries of the political nation
- Inclusion of laboring white men, immigrants
- Exclusion of women, non-whites
- Shift in criteria from economic status to natural
capacity
4Triumph of democracy (contd)
- Information revolution
- Manifestations
- Mass circulation of penny press
- Variety of popular publications
- Alternative newspapers
- Contributing factors
- New printing technologies
- Low postal rates
- Rise of political party organizations
- New style of journalism
5Triumph of democracy (contd)
- Women and public sphere
- Areas of involvement
- Areas of exclusion
- Racial democracy
- Growing equation of democracy and whiteness
- Rise of racist stereotypes
- Contraction of black rights
6Nationalism and its discontents
- The American System
- Underlying vision
- Enhancement of nations financial,
transportation, and - manufacturing sectors
- Active role of federal government
- Leading architects
- Henry Clay
- John C. Calhoun
- Precursors
- Congressional approval of National Road
- Gallatin plan for federal road and canal
construction
7Nationalism and its discontents (contd)
- The American System
- 1815 blueprint
- National bank
- Tariff on imported manufactured goods
- Internal improvements (road and canals)
- Outcome
- Enactment of tariff
- Chartering of Second Bank of the United States
(Bank) - Veto of internal improvements
8Nationalism and its discontents (contd)
- Functions and mission of Bank
- Panic of 1819
- Causes
- Post-war speculative fever
- Markets for American cotton and grain
- Land boom in West
- Easy credit from local banks and Bank
- Ebbing demand for American exports, land
- Material repercussions
- Mass bankruptcy
- Rising unemployment
- Political repercussions
- Growing popular distrust of banks
- State measures to protect debtors, challenge Bank
- McCulloch v. Maryland
9Nationalism and its discontents (contd)
- Missouri controversy
- Narrative
- Missouri quest for statehood
- Tallmadge proposal limiting slavery
- Stalemate
- First Missouri Compromise
- Dual admission of Missouri and Maine
- Prohibition of slavery above 3630'
- Second Missouri Compromise
- Significance
- Sectional conflict amid Era of Good Feelings
- Harbinger of future crises over slavery
10Nation, section, and party
- Monroe Doctrine
- Background
- Latin American rebellions against Spanish
colonial rule - Establishment of independent Latin American
nations - Principles
- No further European colonization in Americas
- Noninterference by European powers in Latin
American republics - Noninvolvement of United States in European wars
- Motivations
11Nation, section, and party (contd)
- Election of 1824
- Candidates and their constituencies
- Andrew Jackson
- John Quincy Adams
- William H. Crawford
- Henry Clay
- 2. Outcome
- Attainment by Jackson of first place in popular
vote - Attainment by Adams of electoral vote majority
(in House) - Charges of corrupt bargain between Adams and
Clay
12Nation, section, and party (contd)
- Presidency of Adams
- Background on Adams
- Vision for nation
- Domestic
- American System
- Activist national state
- Foreign
- Dynamic commerce around world
- U.S. hegemony in Western Hemisphere
- Achievements
- Acceleration of internal
- Increase in tariff
13Nation, section, and party (contd)
- Gathering Jacksonian challenge
- Themes
- Individual liberty
- States rights
- Limited government
- Mobilization of Democratic party
- Martin Van Burens approach to party politics
- Quest for revived Jeffersonian coalition
- Election of 1828
- Old politics (Adams) vs. new politics (Jackson)
- Scurrilous campaigning
- Jacksons victory
- Affirmation of a new American politics
14Age of Jackson
- Contradictions of Andrew Jackson
- New mode of politics
- Political contests as public spectacle, mass
entertainment - Politicians as popular heroes
- The party machine
- Source of jobs for constituents
- Mobilizer of voter turnout
- Spoils system
- National party conventions
- Party newspapers
15Age of Jackson (contd)
- The Democratic party
- Agenda and philosophy
- Concern over gulf between social classes
- Aversion to federal promotion of economic
development, special interests - Vision of broad access to self-regulating market
- Belief in limits on federal power
- Counterposing of producing classes and
non-producers - Individual morality as private concern
16Age of Jackson (contd)
- The Democratic party
- Bases of support
- Farmers remote from markets
- Urban workers
- Aspiring entrepreneurs
- Catholic and immigrants
- South and West
17Age of Jackson (contd)
- The Whig party
- Agenda and philosophy
- Receptiveness to hierarchy of social classes
- Federal promotion of economic development
American System - Individual morality as public concern
- Bases of support
- Established businessmen and bankers
- Market-oriented farmers
- Large planters
- Evangelical Protestants
- Northeast
18Age of Jackson (contd)
- Nullification crisis
- Growing concern of southern planters over
national authority - 1828 tariff of abominations
- Emergence of nullification threat
- South Carolina planter elite
- Vice President Calhoun
- States rights vs. liberty and union
- Climax and resolution
- 1832 tariff
- Repudiation by South Carolina
- Enactment of Force Bill by Congress
- Engineering of compromise by Clay
19Age of Jackson (contd)
- Indian removal
- Ongoing displacement
- 1832 defeat of Black Hawk in Old Northwest
(Illinois) - 1820s expulsion of Indians from Missouri
- 1830 Indian Removal Act
- Provision for removal of Five Civilized Tribes
from - southern states
- Support from Jackson
- Implications
- Repudiation of Jeffersonian idea of assimilation
- Rebuff of Indian efforts to assimilate
20IV. Age of Jackson (contd)
- Indian removal
- 1830 Indian Removal Act
- Cherokee appeals to Congress, courts
- Mixed response from Supreme Court
- Johnson v. MIntosh
- Cherokee Nation v. Georgia
- Worcester v. Georgia
- Jackson defiance of Supreme Court
- Trail of Tears
21Age of Jackson (contd)
- Indian removal
- Responses of remaining southern tribes
- Widespread acquiescence, voluntary departure
- Resistance by Seminoles
- Leadership of Osceola
- Assistance from fugitive slaves
- Second Seminole War
- William Apesss A Son of the Forest
- Receding of Indian presence east of the
Mississippi
22Age of Jackson (contd)
- Bank War
- Background
- Bank as controversial symbol of market revolution
- Nicholas Biddle and the Bank
- View of Bank as union of political authority and
economic privilege - Jackson vs. Bank
- 1832 bill extending Bank charter
- Veto by Jackson
- Significance
- Populist themes of veto message
- Affirmation of presidential power
23Age of Jackson (contd)
- Bank War
- Aftermath
- Sweeping reelection of Jackson
- Gradual death of Bank
- Shift of government funds to local banks
- Victory of soft-money over hard-money
- Jacksonians
- Pet banks
- Expansion of paper currency
- Speculative boom
- Decline in real wages
24Post-Jackson era
- Panic of 1837 and subsequent depression
- Causes
- Specie Circular
- Bank of England demand for repayment in gold or
silver - Economic downturn in Britain
- Material repercussions
- Business failures
- Farmers loss of land
- Urban unemployment
- Collapse of labor movement
- Defaults on state debts
25Post-Jackson era
- Economic policy under Van Buren administration
- Ascendancy of hard-money Democrats
- Shift of government funds from pet banks to
Independent - Treasury
- Split within Democratic party
- Election of 1840
- Fragmenting of Democratic coalition
- Maturation of Whig party
- Adoption of Democratic party methods of
organization - Nomination of William Henry Harrison
- Log Cabin campaign
- Harrisons defeat of Van Buren
- Death of Harrison
26Post-Jackson era
- Presidency of John Tyler
- Veto of Whigs American System program
- Whig repudiation of Tyler
- Weakness of Tyler without party backing
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28End slide
This concludes the Norton Media Library Slide Set
for Chapter 10
Give Me Liberty! An American History 2nd Edition,
Volume 1
by Eric Foner
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