5 Themes of Geography

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5 Themes of Geography

• What is it like?
• Where is it?
• How do people relate to the physical world?
• How do people, goods, ideas move from one place
  to another?
• How are places similar or different

• Place
• Location
• Human/Environment Interaction
• Movement
• Region

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Latitude Longitude
Hemispheres
North
90 º
(º North, º West)
(º North, º East)
Equator
East
West
180 º
180 º
(º South, º East)
(º South, º West)
Prime Meridian
South
90 º
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Absolute City Locations

• 23º N, 90º E
• 46º N, 76º W
• 4º N, 74º W
• 35º S, 149º E

• Dhaka, Bangladesh
• Ottawa, Canada
• Bogotá, Colombia
• Canberra, Australia

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Absolute City Locations

• 33º N, 44º E
• 52º N, 0º
• 7º N, 80º E
• 35º S, 59º W

• Baghdad, Iraq
• London, England, UK
• Colombo, Sri Lanka
• Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Time Zones

• Degrees around world?
• Hours in a day?
• of degrees per time zone?

• 360
• 24
• 15

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Map Distortions

• 1.The extent of space between two objects or
  places an intervening space
• 2. The position of one point in relation to
  another
• 3. A form or condition in which something may
  exist or appear
• 4. A roughly bounded part of the space on a
  surface a region

• Distance
• Direction
• Shape
• Size/Area

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Map Elements

• Shows Direction
• Explains Content
• Shows Distance
• Explains Subject

• Compass Rose
• Legend/Key
• Scale
• Title

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Topographic Maps

• Map showing the relief features of the earths
  surface
• Variation, or difference in elevation of an area
• Contour Interval
• Difference in elevation between two contour lines

200
240
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Important Lines of Latitude
66½N
Arctic Circle
23½N
Tropic of Cancer
0
Equator
23½S
Tropic of Capricorn
66½S
Antarctic Circle
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Pressures
Prevailing Winds
Polar High
High latitudes
Polar Easterlies
Sub Polar Low
Westerlies
Middle Latitudes
Subtropical High
Northeasterly Trade Winds
Low Latitudes
Equatorial Low
Southeasterly Trade Winds
Low Latitudes
Subtropical High
Middle Latitudes
Westerlies
Sub Polar Low
Polar Easterlies
High latitudes
Polar High
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The Earths Structure
Inside The Earth
Inner Core
The Crust
Outer Core
The Mantle
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Plate Behaviors

• Plates move towards each other
• Plates move away from each other
• Plates moving past and against each other

• Convergent
• Subduction Collision
• Divergent (Spreading)
• Translation

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Climates

• Vernon Hills
• Amazon Rainforest
• Five Factors
• Determined by Elevation

• Humid Continental
• Tropical Wet/Humid Tropical
• Latitude
• Ocean Currents
• Wind Currents
• Topography (Rain Shadow)
• Elevation
• Highland

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Culture

• A new way of doing something
• A culture changes through its meeting with
  another culture
• The spread of an idea or culture trait
• Belief that ones own ethnic group is superior

• Innovation
• Acculturation
• Diffusion
• Ethnocentrism

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RD
Stairway to Economic Stability
Mang.
Quaternary
Ser.
Tertiary
Ind.
Ser. Ag.
Secondary
C.F.
Ind.
S.F.
HG
Primary
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Developed vs. Developing

• DEVELOPED
• Urban
• Service (Tertiary) based economy
• Has Infrastructure
• Low Growth Rate
• Established Middle Class

• DEVELOPING
• Urbanizing (Rural -gt Cities)
• Agricultural (Primary) Base economy
• Needs infrastructure
• High Growth Rate
• Income Gap

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Age-Sex Pyramids
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• Why is the earths population increasing the same
  amount each year despite a falling growth rate?
• Exponential Growth (6.6 Billion)

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Types of Economies

• Market Economy (Capitalism)
• Consumers determine prices production
• Supply Demand
• Command Economy (Communism)
• Govt determines prices production
• Mixed Economy (Socialism)
• Aspects of both, govt controls some industries

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Spheres of the Earth

• All water on the earth
• All land including ocean basins
• All air surrounding the earth
• All life on earth

• Hydrosphere
• Lithosphere
• Atmosphere
• Biosphere

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Layers of the Earth
TOP SOIL
SUB-SOIL
WEATHERED ROCK
SOLID ROCK
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Hydrologic Cycle
Condensation
Precipitation
Evaporation/Transpiration
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Landforms

• Thin piece of land connecting two larger pieces
• Thin piece of water connecting two larger bodies
• Piece of land surrounded by water on three sides
• Chain of Islands

• Isthmus
• Strait
• Peninsula
• Archipelago

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Industrial Location

• Five Factors
• Raw Materials
• Labor
• Transportation
• Infrastructure
• Energy
• Most important?
• Labor

• Leeways
• Transportation
• ?
• Container Sys., per mile drops
• If you move there, it will come
• Long distance power pipe lines

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Deindustrialization/Roger Me

• Man. Jobs -gt Mexico
• Rise of Services in Core
• Mexico
• Detroit (GM HQ)
• GM (HQ in MI, Factories in Mexico)

• New International Division of Labor
• Manufacturing Export Zone
• High-Tech Corridor
• Globalization

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Deforestation

• Causes
• Subsistence Farmers
• Slash Burn
• Commercial Logging
• Livestock Grazing
• Roads (Fishbone)

• Effects
• Global Carbon Cycle
• Global Warming
• Extinct Species (50)
• Medical losses

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Political Instability
Junta/ Caudillo
Spanish Rule
Independence
Oligarchy
Democracy
???
Simon Bolivar Led many independence movements
Oligarchy Rule by the few
Junta Military Leaders / Caudillo Military
strong man
Coup Government Takeover
Authoritarianism Concentration of power within
a single entity/person
Guerrillas Paramilitary forces