Geography and the 5 Themes

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Geography and the 5 Themes

• Chapter 1

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What is Geography?

• Geography provides an effective method for asking
  questions about places on the earth and their
  relationships to the people who live there.
• Geo is also Latin for earth.
• Graphy is Greek for graph or map.
• SoGeography is also the mapping of the earth.

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The Five Themes

• Location
• Position on the earths surface.
• Every place on the earth can be located by either
  absolute or relative terms.
• The use of a network of horizontal and vertical
  lines on globes and maps to find exact points
  anywhere on the earth is absolute location.

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• The use of cardinal and intermediate directions
  in giving location is the relative location. Ex
  Austin is approximately 50 miles NE of New
  Braunfels. Use of landmarks is also helpful in
  relative location.

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Location
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• Place
• Every place on earth has its own physical and
  human features. In the physical feature it can
  be described in terms of its land, water,
  weather, soil, and plant and animal life. In
  terms of its human features each place can be
  described in terms of the number and kinds of
  people who live there. It can also be described
  by the activities that take place there.
  DESCRIBE is the key word in place.

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Place
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• Human/Environment Interaction (HEI)
• The interaction of humans with the environment.
  This interaction can have both good and bad
  outcomes. This is one of the most important
  factors in geography.

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Human Environment Interaction
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• Movement
• Movement has become a daily part of our lives.
  Not only does man move through migration, but
  information, goods, and ideas are also moved.
  The earth is constantly moving water(oceans),
  landforms, wind, etc.

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Movement
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• Regions
• Regions make the study of geography more
  manageable. The world is often divided into
  regions or areas, based on certain physical
  features land-type or plant and animal life.
  The world is also divided into regions based on
  certain human characteristics such as the way
  people are governed or the kind of language they
  speak.

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Region
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Location, Place, HEI, Movement, and Region
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The five themes ask these questions

• Location Where is it?
• Place What is it like there? (both physical and
  human)
• HEI What is the relationship between people and
  their environment?
• Movement How are people and places connected?
• Region How is a place similar to and different
  from other places?

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Other themes in geography

• History and Political Science
• We use history to help understand the way that
  places looked in the past
• Political Science is used to help us see how
  people in different places are governed at the
  local, state, and national levels. Geographers
  look at the ways political boundaries have been
  formed and how they have been changed.

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• Sociology and Anthropology
• Sociology is used to help us understand societies
  in different places throughout the world.
• Anthropology helps us gain insight into the
  culture or way of life, of groups of people in
  different places.
• Economics
• - Economics is used to help us understand how the
  location of resources affects the way people
  make, transport, and use goods. Also, how
  locations are chosen for various economic
  activities such as

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• Farming
• Mining
• Manufacturing and
• selling.

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Two Branches of Geography

• Physical The study of physical earth.
• Human The study of Human activity on earth.
• Physical Geography it is the study of earth
  itself, as well as things on earth NOT made by
  people.
• Landforms
• Climate climatology (the pattern of weather in
  a place over a long period of time)
• Weather Meteorology (the study of temperature,
  clouds, wind, and different types of
  precipitation over a short time period.

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• Oceans Oceanography
• Natural Geography or Biogeography
• (how plant and animal life are distributed
• on earths surface)
• Plants Plant Geography
• Zoogeography study of animals and
• birds and their habitats.

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• Human Geography the study of people and their
  activities within their environment or
  surroundings.
• Cultural or social - study the places people
  live and the ways in which different groups live
• Historical study of people and places over time
• Demography study of population in terms of
  births, deaths, marriages, and other data.
• Economic geography shows where the places
  natural resources are found affect the economic
  activities such as manufacturing and agriculture
• Political geography deals with the relationship
  between an areas government and physical
  features. The drawing of political boundaries.
• Urban geography centers on the growth of cities
  and the areas around them. It studies how cities
  began and how they affect people and the
  environment.

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The Value of Geography

• Geography helps people learn more about the place
  where they live.
• Geography helps people understand why we are
  living in a smaller world (not physically)
• Geography teaches us why we are globally
  interdependent on other areas of the world.