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The Toulmin Model of Argumentation

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Grounds: the facts that serve as the foundation or support offered as evidence. Claim: what the arguer wants the audience to believe or accept ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The Toulmin Model of Argumentation


1
The Toulmin Model of Argumentation
  • 23 January 2008

2
The Toulmin Model
3
The Elements of Toulmin (pg. 192)
  • Grounds the facts that serve as the foundation
    or support offered as evidence
  • Claim what the arguer wants the audience to
    believe or accept
  • Warrants reasons for believing claim
  • Backing provides support for the warrant
  • Qualifiers words that express how reliable the
    speaker believes the claim to be
  • Rebuttal identifies the circumstances or
    exceptions that might invalidate the claim in
    particular cases

4
(No Transcript)
5
Sample Argument (pg. 264)
  • Grounds This patient is on a weight control
    program.
  • Backing Clinical experience shows that
  • Warrant As part of a weight control program,
    D-amphetamine may be prescribed.
  • Qualifier It seems very likely that
  • Claim This patient needs D-amphetamine as part
    of a weight control program.
  • Rebuttal or Exception Unless that patient has a
    history of heart disease, high blood pressure,
    etc.

6
WWF, Toulminized (R. Gass, Ph.D., Cal State
Fullerton)
  • How do you know WWF wrestling is fake? Ill tell
    you how. You never see the results printed in
    the Sports section of the newspaper.
  • Claim. WWF is fake (factual claim).
  • Grounds. The results are never reported in the
    Sports section of the newspaper.
  • Warrant. Only the results of legitimate sports
    are published in the newspaper (argument from
    authority underlying presumption)

7
Brief Assignment 2
  • Objective To practice identifying and analyzing
    counterarguments and rebuttals.
  • Purpose Identifying and analyzing potential
    counterarguments is an important part of
    constructing your own argument and evaluating the
    effectiveness of arguments written by others.
    This brief assignment will give you practice in
    doing so.
  • Description Read one article from the list below
    or one specified by your Classroom Instructor,
    and then do the following to complete the
    assignment.
  • First, identify and summarize the
    counterargument(s) that the author addresses in
    his or her article.
  • Second, summarize the rebuttal to each
    counterargument.
  • Third, write a brief analysis of the
    counterarguments and rebuttals. For example, your
    analysis might include a discussion that answers
    the following questions Are the counterarguments
    discussed in the article the most powerful ones
    against the primary argument? Are there other
    counterarguments the writer should have
    addressed? If so, explain what these are and how
    the writer might rebut them.
  • Your response should be in paragraph form and 400
    500 words in length.
  • Cohen, Lizabeth. The Mall as Threat to
    Democratic Values. First-Year Writing Writing in
    the Disciplines. Boston Pearson Custom, 2007.
    557 563.
  • Fowles, Jib. Advertisings Fifteen Basic
    Appeals. First-Year Writing Writing in the
    Disciplines. Boston Pearson Custom, 2007. 722
    739.
  • Ince, Susan. The Science of Sleep. First-Year
    Writing Writing in the Disciplines. Boston
    Pearson Custom, 2007. 582 590.
  • Milgram, Stanley. The Perils of Obedience.
    First-Year Writing Writing in the Disciplines.
    Boston Pearson Custom, 2007. 480 492.
  • Williams, Patricia J. My Best White Friend
    Cinderella Revisited. First-Year Writing
    Writing in the Disciplines. Boston Pearson
    Custom, 2007. 704 708.
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