Swine Health Issues Impacting Todays Pork Producers

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Swine Health Issues Impacting Todays Pork
Producers

• Bill Minton DVM
• Swine Veterinary Production Services

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• Profitability

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Herd Health Management is Based on Economical
Analysis of Cost Benefit Ratio of Intervention !
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Health Issues

• Diseases
• Nutrition
• Management

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1. Diseases

• PRRSV -Porcine Reproductive and
  Respiratory Syndrome Virus
• SIV - Swine Influenza Virus
• M. hyo. - Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae
• PCV2 - Porcine Circovirus type 2
• Ileitis - Lawsonia intracellularis
• HBS - Hemorrhagic Bowel Syndrome

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PRRSV

• Disease of sows, nursery and finisher pigs
• Neg. impact on reproductive performance
• PRDC - Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex
• Present in 80 or more of commercial herds
• Difficult to control without a strategy

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PRRSV Transmission

• Pigs -between pigs -sow to piglet
  -boar semen
• Vectors -mosquitoes
• Fomites -needles -snowball
• Area Spread -same site -regional

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PRRSV Control

• Herd Closures stop all entry of animals into
  the herd for a period of 3-5 months
• Gilt Boar Isolation / Acclimatization
  isolate away from herd for gt60 days
• Vaccination vaccinate at risk animals
• Depopulate remove all animals from given
  airspace by barn or site
• Biosecurity methods and techniques that reduce
  spread of diseases

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SIV

• Acute to chronic pneumonia
• Reproductive problems in febrile sows
• Finisher mortality and culls increase 5-15
• Not a disease limited to winter
• May pose human health risks
• H1N1, H3N2, and recently H1N2

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SIV Transmisson

• Direct contact
• Aerosol

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SIV Control

• Vaccinate Sows pass colostral immunity to
  piglets
• Vaccinate Pigs finisher pigs at risk of
  exposure
• AI/AO all in and all out pig movement removes
  carrier animals

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M. hyo.

• Unexplained variation in clinical disease between
  positive herds
• Slow growing organism
• Antibody titers develop late, 6-8 weeks after
  infection
• Disease of growing pigs, primarily
• Severe chronic pneumonia, esp..when other
  diseases are present

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M. hyo. Transmission

• Direct contact
• Aerosol spread (?)
• M. hyo. Control
• AI / AO
• Vaccination
• Medication

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PCV2

• PMWS, PDNS, PRDC
• Most herds infected, but affects lt 5 of pigs
• Affected pigs dont recover
• Seldom found by itself, combination with other
  diseases
• Observed worldwide

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PCV2 signs

• PMWS wasting, weight loss, unthrifty
• PDNS red-purple patchy areas of skin located on
  hind legs and rump
• Immune system of pig is depleted
• Virus is found in several tissues of clinical
  pigs
• Diagnosed by microscopic staining

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PVC2 Transmission

• Direct contact
• Environment
• PCV2 Control
• Treat control co-infections
• No Vaccine available
• Sanitation disinfect environment

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Ileitis

• Affects pigs from 8-26 weeks of age
• Lives within epithelial lining of small intestine
• Acute to chronic forms
• Pigs with lack of gut fill or signs of diarrhea
• Discolored, red - reddish brown feces with
  undigested feed

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Ileitis control

• Spread through environmental contamination
  direct contact
• Clean disinfect environment
• Antibiotic therapy used for outbreaks control
• ex...Tylan, BMD, Lincocin
• Oral vaccine used for prevention

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HBS

• Acute onset of hemorrhage in small intestine
• Pigs appear to have bloated look in abdomen
• No warning of onset of signs
• Affects pigs from 50 - 250 lbs.
• Sudden death
• Difficult to reproduce the disease
• Cause unknown (?) Clostridium species ?

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HBS Control

• ?
• Stress related changes to pigs environment or
  factors altering feeding patterns
• Increase fiber in diet (ie..soy hulls)
• Feed grade antibiotics fed at time of risk

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As health status improves and some pathogens are
eliminated it may be advantageous overall,
however it may cause remaining diseases to evolve
into new forms or new levels of severity.

• -R.S Morris
• Massey Univ.
• New Zealand

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2. Nutrition

• New products are developed to decrease excretion
  of nutrients into environment
• Phytase reduces requirements of inorganic
  phosphorous in diets by 25-30
• Crystalline amino acids decrease need for intact
  proteins of SBM and reduces nitrogen excretion
• L-Lysine ? N by 20
• L-Threonine ? N addl 15 when used w/ Lysine

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3. Management

• Feed Cost Control
• Particle size 600-700 microns G/F
  
  700-800 microns Sows
• Feeder adjustment view gt 50 of pan
• Nutrients fed at proper levels
• Synthetic amino acids
• Other ingredients midds, soy hulls, etc
• Energy added fat price compared to corn cost

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3. Management (cont.)

• Feed Cost Control
• Phase feeding feed according to growth stage
• Split sex feeding gilts vs. barrow requirements
• Feed additives reduce indiscriminate use of
  antibiotics medicate at target levels for
  diseases. (ex..CTC _at_ 10 mg./ lb bodywt.)

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3. Management (cont.)

• Biosecurity
• Limits the risk to health
• Transportation and facility sanitation
• Isolation acclimatization of animals
• Very cost effective
• Caretakers role

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3. Management (cont.)

• Ventilation
• Poor air quality affects disease levels in barn
• Relative humidity influences pathogen load
• Fresh air required
• Proper velocity needed for mixing
• Avoid drafts
• Maintain room temperatures in the thermal comfort
  range for the stage of production

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Today, we must do the common things uncommonly
well

• - Tom Fangman DVM.
• Univ. of Missouri

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