Functional%20neuroanatomy

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Functional neuroanatomy
bradd_at_nmr.mgh.harvard.edu

• Overview of brain anatomy systems
• Localization/networks
• Scale in the nervous system
• Sensorimotor systems
• How our brains interact with the external world
  (loops)
• States of mind (and body)
• Specific functional systems
• Memory emotion
• How our brains use previous experience to modify
  behavior
• Vision attention language

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Learning memory
Where were you on the following day?
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Learning memory
September 11, 2006
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Learning memory
Knowing that Vs. Knowing how Gilbert Ryle,
Oxford philosopher of mind, 1949
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The limbic systemMemory emotion
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Medial temporal lobe memory system
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Medial temporal lobe memory system
Courtesy of S. Heckers (J N Trans, 2002)
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Current standard 1mm structural imaging (AD
patient)
Trio TIM, 12 channel coil, 1mm3 MPRAGE
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High-resolution MR imaging7 Tesla ex vivo
100-150um resolution
Courtesy of Jean Augustinack Bruce Fischl
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High-resolution MPRAGE
32 channel coil, 3T Trio 0.38x0.38x1mm MPRAGE
(ipat x 2, 10 min acq time, 112 slices), Seven
acquisitions were motion-corrected and averaged.
Beautiful contrast anatomic detail is present,
including thalamic nuclei, claustrum, tiny
perforating vessels
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High-resolution MPRAGE
Excellent grey-white contrast is present in
hippocampus note also tiny pial perforating
vessels
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Learning memory HM
H.M.
Control
Corkin S, J Nsci, 1997
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Learning memory HM
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Multiple memory systems
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Learning memory
What task would you use to show differential
hippocampal activation? (When is the hippocampus
off?)
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Functional MRI ParadigmScene encoding (block
design)

Novel
Novel
Repeated
Repeated





5s
40s
25s
Adapted from C.E. Stern et al., PNAS, 1996
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Learning memory Novelty
Stern CE, PNAS 1996
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Learning memory Events
Brewer J, Science 1998 Wagner A, Science 1998
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Learning memory Individual variability in MTL
activation
Vandenbroucke MWJ, Neuroimage 2004
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Learning memory Individual variability in
anatomy
Vandenbroucke MWJ, Neuroimage 2004
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Genetic influences on MTL activation
BDNF val/val gt val/met
APOE 4 gt 3
Hariri et al., J Neurosci, 2003
Bookheimer et al.,NEJM, 2000
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Multiple memory systems
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Learning memory Frontal lobe anatomy
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Learning memory Frontal lobe episodic memory
Brewer J, Science 1998 Wagner A, Science 1998
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Learning memoryWorking memory
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Digit
span Delayed match to sample N-back
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Learning memoryWorking memory
DEsposito M, 2002
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Learning memoryWorking memory sleep
deprivation
After full night sleep
After sleep deprivation
N-back task
Drummond SP, Nature 2004
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Learning memoryStriatal anatomy
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Learning memoryStriatum procedural memory
Knowlton BJ, Science 1996
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Emotional learning memoryAmygdala
orbitofrontal cortex
Poldrack R, Nature 2001
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Emotional conditioning is dependent on amygdala,
declarative learning on the hippocampus
Bechara A, Science 1995
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Amygdala activation is related to emotional
intensity at encoding, and predicts recall
Recognition 3 weeks later
Canli T, J Neurosci 2000
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Unseen emotional stimuli activate amygdala
can elicit emotional conditioning
Morris JS, Brain 2001
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Systems for processing facial emotion
Adolphs R, Curr Opn Nbiol 2002
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Learning memory
Binding information processed by the brain for
storage and future use, particularly with
relevance to survival other needs