The NIS Practices in Germany

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The NIS Practices in Germany Presented by Dr.
Moneim Issa on the Consultative Meeting on
National Innovation Systems (NIS) of India 19-20
September 2006, New Delhi Eschersheimer
Landstr.89 D-60322 Frankfurt Tel. 49 (0) 171
931 3456 Fax [phone] E-Mail
aissa_at_t-online.de
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The Technology and innovation Centres in Germany
(2006) 167 Technology and Innovation Centres
ca. 7.500 Enterprises in the Centres ca.
56.000 Employees ca. 16.000 successful Start
Ups-Firms ca. 150.000 generated employments
The survival quote in the centres ranged to
about 90 Over 8.000 Enterprises from the
Centres have successfully been established. These
Firms have generated ca. 90.000 working
places.. Source ADT
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DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATION CENTRES IN
GERMANY 1983-2000
Source ADT
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OBJECTIVES OF INNOVATION CENTRES Technical
support to technology oriented start-ups Provisio
n of infrastructure to be used by the
companies Promotion of co-operation between
science and economy Promotion of regional
development potentials for technology oriented
enterprises and start-ups Initiation of
technology park projects and technological
co-operation Support of regional economic
development Provision of information on
innovative technology Improvement of regional
innovation framework Source ZEW

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ALLOCATION OF INNOVATION CENTRES ACCORDING TO
SITE PREFERENCE
Source ADT
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TECHNOLOGICAL FOCAL POINTS IN THE INNOVATION
CENTRES General Services 27 Technological
Services 24 Software 23 Information
and Communication Technology 22
Multimedia 16 Environmental
Technology 16 Consultancy 16 Electronic
and Electrical Engineering 11 Instrumentation
and Measurement Technology 10 Computer
Technology 9 Automation 8
Machinery 6

Source ADT
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TECHNICAL CONSULTANCY BY INNOVATION CENTRES
Start-Up Consultancy Legal Issues Elaboration of
Business Plans Technnology Advice Patent Finance B
usiness promotion Programms Marketing
Assistance Insurance Training
Source ADT
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LOGISTIC SUPPORT BY INNOVATION CENTRES
Office Services Reception Telephone
services Photocoping Conference
Rooms Internet Data Bank Book Keeping Organization
of Exhibitions Company Cooperation Technology
Transfer Laboratory Utilizaion
Source ADT
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SUCCESSFUL COMPANIES MOVED OUT OF INNOVATION
CENTRES AFTER ESTABLISHMENT OF THE CENTRES
Source ADT
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The Structure of the German Innovation System
Source Prognos AG., Germany 2004
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• INNOVATION INFRASTRUCTURE IN GERMANY
• Natural Sciences, Technological and Engineering
  Institutions
• 81 Universities
• 90 Technical Universities
• 81 Max-Planck-Institutes
• 47 Frauenhofer-Institutes
• 16 Helmholz-Centres
• 51 Blaue-Liste Institutes
• 24 Federal Research Institutions
• 47 Local Research Institutions in the federal
  states
• Source Athene-Project

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POTENTIAL OF TECHNOLOGICAL ORIENTED START-UPS
Source Athene-Project
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Current Priorities of the National Innovation
System Promotion of Education, Science and
Technology and RD - Innovation and Economic
Growth - Facing International Competition
through Globalization - Regain a Leading Role in
Future Technology - Innovation Initiative and
Structural Reforms
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Share of World Regions to the Development of
RD-Capacities 1995-2003 GDP
Expenditure on RD at Current Prices
RD Expenditure of Private
Sector at Current Prices
Source OECD, Main Science and Technology
Indicators 2004 IMD World Competitiveness Year
Book, NIW. Quoted in BMBF Zur technologischen
Leistungsfähigkeit Deutschlands 2005, Bonn,
Berlin 2005
Share of OECDSTC 1995 - 2002
Share of OECDSTC 1995
STC (Selected Emerging Countries) CHN, KOR, IND,
RUS, SIN, TWN, ISR
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• Innovation Activities of the German Industry
• Research and Development
• Human Resources in Business RD
• Patent Output

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Innovation Quota 1)

• Innovation Quota Share of enterprises which
  released a new or significantly improved product
  in the market or implemented a new or
  signifcantly new procedure within the company, in
  of all enterprises
• ) whole sale, logistics, IT, Software, insurance
  and loan sector, RD services, technical services

Source Eurostart CIS-III (New Cronos.
September 2004). Götzfried et al. (2004).
Arvantis et al (2004). Frenz (2003), unpublished
data of CIS-III team.- ZEW calculations Quoted
in BMB
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GDP Share of RD intensive industries and
knowledge-intensive services in selected
countries 2002 (in )
RD intensive industries
Source OECD, STAN-Database 2002. Calculations
and Estimations by DIW Berlin. Quoted in BMB
Knowledge-intensive services without real estate
) EU-15 without IRL and LUX
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Innovation Performance and RD in industry and
knowledge-intensive Services 1993-2003 (in of
all Enterprises)
Industry and Mining
Knowledge-intensive services
Innovative companies without RD
Companies with irregular RD
Companies with continuous RD
Source ZEW, Mannheim . Quoted in BMB.
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Share of Employment in RD intensive industries
and knowledge-intensive services (in )
Real estate
Source OECD, STAN-Database 2002. Calculations
and Estimations by DIW Berlin. Quoted in DIW,
NIW Marktergebnisse bei forschungs- Intensiven
Waren und wissensintensiven Dienstleistungen
Außenhandel, Produktion und Beschäftigung,
Berlin, Hannover 2003
Knowledge-intensive services without real estate
RD intensive industries
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Development of Employment in RD-intensive
Industries in Germany 1991-2002 Professional
Fields in companies 1995100
FE RD-intensive Industries ST
Sofisticated Technology HAT Advanced
Technology NFE Not RD-intensive industries
Source Federal Office for Statistics, ZEW .
Quoted in DIW, NIW.
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Patents quota 2002 and its change between 1991 to
2002 in selected countries
Patent dispersion)
Annual average Change 1991 - 2002
) Patents relevant to the world market per 1
Mio. labour force
Source EPATENT.- WOPATENT.-OECD. Main Science
and Technology Indicators. Fraunhofer ISI
Calculations. Quoted in BMB.
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• Critical Assessment of NIS
• Innovation Contribution of German SMEs is low
• Several Regulatory Burdens on Private Sector
• Lack of Venture Capital Market and Start-ups
• Insufficient Supply of Highly Qualified
  Personnel

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Graduates in engineering and natural sciences 1)
Per 100.00 Labour Force, age 25 to 34
1) Course of studies bioscience, lifescience,
physics, math/statistics, IT, engineering,
construction
) 2000 instead of 2002
Source OECD, Online Labour Database OECD
Education Online Database ZEW/HIS Calculations.
Quoted in BMB
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• Challenges face the NIS in Germany
• Demographic Factors
• The Situation of the Educational System,
• particularly the Tertiary
• The Situation of High Qualified labour

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Tertiary Education in the OECD-Countries in 2002
Graduates between 25-34 years (in )

Source OECD, FIBS, NIW. Quoted in BMB.
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Tertiary Education in the OECD-Countries in 2002
Graduates between 55-64 years (in )

Source OECD, FIBS, NIW. Quoted in BMB
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Sources of Innovation Processes in Germany
(Fraunhofer Gesellschaft)
SourceFraunhofer Fraunhofer Gesellschaft
Deutschland innovative 2004
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