ART HISTORY

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ART HISTORY
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PREHISTORICART VENUS OF WILLENDORF

• Found in Austria
• Paleolithic Period
• (25,000 to 20,000 BC)
• Limestone
• Oldest sculptural artifact displayed in museums
• Female figurine may represent fertility
• Artist utilized natural crevices in the stone and
  also altered the surface with tools

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PREHISTORICART STONEHENGE

• Built in England
• Neolithic Period (2000 BC)
• Post and Lintel System an approach to building
  in which a crossbeam is placed above 2 uprights
• Megalith large stone monument

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• PREHISTORICART
• COLOSSEUM

• Rome, Italy
• 1st Permanent amphitheatre in Rome
• Inaugurated by Titus 80AD
• Seated 50,000 spectators

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ITALIAN RENAISSANCE

• Time Period 1420-1600
• A period of great cultural change
• Rebirth of the arts
• Renewed interest in the culture of classical
  antiquity

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LEONARDO DA VINCI

• 1452-1519
• High Renaissance
• Developed 1 point perspective
• A true Renaissance man (an expert at many things)
• Often used dramatic contrasting light and dark
  areas and unusual backgrounds
• Only about 20 paintings by da Vinci exist today

Mona Lisa
Mona Lisa
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• THE LAST SUPPER
• Fresco painting on wet plaster
• Da Vinci experimented with mixing tempra and oil
  paint

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THE LAST SUPPER
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MICHELANGELO

• 1475-1564
• High Renaissance
• One of the Popes favorites
• Paintings, marble sculptures, and architecture

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DAVID

• Marble sculpture
• Piazza della Signoria
• Florence, Italy
• Subtractive method of sculpting
• One of the greatest pieces of the Renaissance

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Pieta

• Differs from the earlier representations of the
  theme that traditionally stressed Marys agony of
  suffering. Instead, it emphasizes Marys calm
  acceptance of fate.
• St. Peters Basilica Rome, Italy
• Michelangelo signed his name across the sash on
  Mary

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SISTENE CHAPEL

• Series of frescoes
• Location Vatican City
• Created by the insistence of Pope Julius II
• One of the greatest monuments of the High
  Renaissance

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BAROQUE PERIOD

• 1606-1669
• Highly ornamented style was concerned with
  balance and harmony of the whole work
• Rembrandt Van Rijn 1609-1669
• Dutch Painter
• dramatic use of light and shade
• Painted many portraits

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REMBRANDT VAN RIJN NIGHTWATCH
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IMPRESSIONISM
Impressionist artists questioned conventional art
form, and dramatically changed the direction of
modern art. They broke away from tradition by
painting outdoors, using different colors, and
creating lighter palettes.
Beginning of Modern Art
Invention of the camera
Began in 1874 in France
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CLAUDE MONET

• Date 1840-1926
• Art Style Impressionism
• First to Paint Outdoors en plein air
• Monet is Known as a Series Painter
• Concerned with color and light
• Monets Garden in Giverny, France

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Series Paintings
Rouen Cathedral
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Series Paintings
Waterlillies
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Series Paintings
Haystacks
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Giverny
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MARY CASSATT
The Boating Party
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• MARY CASSATT
• 1844-1926
• American painter and printmaker who exhibited
  with the Impressionists
• Her work focused on the every day life of women.
  She emphasized the relationship of mother and
  child

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POST IMPRESSIONISM
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VINCENT VAN GOGH

• 1853-1890
• Born in Holland
• Post-Impressionist emphasized expressing
  emotions and sensations through color and light
  and not dedicated wholly to capturing a passing
  moment.
• Sold only one painting in his lifetime
• Cut off his ear
• Impasto style of painting
• Committed suicide

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The Potato Eaters
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Starry Night
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VAN GOGH AT ARLES
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Wheatfields and Cypress Tree
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GEORGE SEURAT

• 1859-1891 Born in Paris
• Post-Impressionist
• Created pointillism
• Departed radically from existing painting
  techniques with experiments in optics and color
  theory
• Died from pneumonia or meningitis

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• The small round dots and splashes of color that
  Seurat painstakingly applied in a technique he
  called Divisionism. We not call this technique
  pointillism. It is called pointillism because
  paint is applied with the point of the brush, one
  dot at a time.
• During the 1800s, French scientists discovered
  that two colors juxtaposed, slightly overlapping
  or very close together, would have the effect on
  another color when seen from a distance. This
  became the basis for the pointillist technique of
  Seurat

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Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte
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Bathers at Asnieres
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PAUL CEZANNE

• 1839-1906
• Born in France
• Considered to be the Father of Modern Art
• Images are geometric and shapes are simplified
  objects/colors appear fragmented
• Believed that all forms in nature were based on
  geometric shapes
• Forms the bridge between Impressionism and Cubism
• Influenced Pablo Picasso (Cubist)

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STILL LIFE WITH APPLES
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Le Montagne St.Victoire
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Still Life With A Ginger Jar and Eggplant
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AMERICAN ARCHITECTURE
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FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT

• 1867-1959
• Born in Wisconsin
• Modern- Architecture
• Career began in 1887 in Chicago at the offices of
  Louis Sullivan
• Form and function are one was his basis for
  theory formulated into his principles of organic
  architecture
• Created Prairie Style of architecture all
  buildings expresses shelter, security, and
  privacy with their horizontal lines, low
  spreading roofs and concealed entrances

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KAUFMANN HOUSE (Falling Water) Mill Run, PA

• Represents his idea of a living place fused with
  nature.
• Straddling a small stream. Has a set of stairs
  suspended from the living room, which go down to
  the stream below the house.
• The house is built onto a ledge of rock and
  projects outward as a free floating platform over
  a small waterfall

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ROBBIE HOUSE South Woodlawn, Chicago, IL

• Steel frame and brick
• Last great Prairie Style house built between
  1907-1910
• Cantilevered roof supported by steel beams
• Designed and built for Fredrick Robie
• Total cost (59,000)

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FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT MISSION STYLE FURNITURE
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GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM
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SURREALISM

• Developed in the 1920s, Surrealism was based on
  images from the world of dreams and the
  subconscious. The typical Surrealist device was
  to juxtapose common objects in unexpected
  contexts.
• Famous Surrealists include Salvador Dali and
  Rene Magritte

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SALVADOR DALI

• 1904-1989
• Born in Spain
• Most of his work is based on childhood dreams and
  memories
• Discovered new ways of looking at reality
• The only difference between a madman and me is
  that I am not mad.
• If you play a genius, you become one.

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The Persistence of Memory
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Self Portrait
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Visage of War
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RENE MAGRITTE

• 1898-1967
• Belgian Surrealist Painter
• Mother committed suicide by drowning herself.
• His work frequently displays a juxtaposition of
  ordinary objects in an unusual context, giving
  new meanings to familiar things.

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The Son of Man

• Magritte was fascinated by the implications of
  hidden things in his paintings. Often he hid the
  subject's face from view, blocking it with a
  suspended object, a drape, or some other means.
  He de-personalizes the human subject by masking
  its individualizing identifier--the face.

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Les Amants
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Time Transfixed

• I decided to paint the image of a locomotiveIn
  order for its mystery to be evoked, another
  immediately familiar image without mystery the
  image of a dining room fireplace was joined.
• Magritte transformed the pipe of a coal-burning
  stove into a charging locomotive, situating the
  train in a fireplace vent so that it appears to
  be emerging from a railway tunnel.

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CUBISM
An art style developed in 1908 by Picasso and
Braque whereby the artist breaks down the natural
forms of the subjects into geometric shapes and
creates a new kind of pictorial space. In
contrast to traditional painting styles where the
perspective of subjects is fixed and complete,
cubist work can portray the subject from multiple
perspectives. In Cubism the subject matter is
broken up, analyzed, and reassembled in an
abstracted form. Picasso and Braque initiated the
movement when they followed the advice of Paul
Cézanne, who in 1904 said artists should treat
nature "in terms of the cylinder, the sphere and
the cone."
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PABLO PICASSO

• 1881-1973
• Born in Spain
• Cubist
• Before he struck upon Cubism, Picasso went
  through a number of styles including what is
  known as the Blue Period, and the Rose Period.

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THE BLUE PERIOD
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THE ROSE PERIOD
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THE THREE MUSICIANS
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Maya With A Doll
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GUERNICA
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GEORGIA OKEEFE
1887-1986 Born Wisconsin Attended the Art
Institute of Chicago Abstract Art - is art that
is not an accurate representation of a form or
object.  Married to the famous photographer
Alfred Stieglitz
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Cow Skull With A Calico Rose
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Oriental Poppies
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Red Canna
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POP ART
Twentieth Century Pop Art Repeating or enlarging
everyday, mass produced items, such as soup cans,
pictures from magazines, comic strips, Coke
bottles, hamburgers, etc. Famous Pop Artist
Andy Warhol
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ANDY WARHOL

• 1930-1989
• Born in Pittsburgh, PA
• Warhols approach to Pop Art was to zero in on
  mass production. Warhol painted soup cans in a
  boring, unexciting way, just the way they were
  lined up on the supermarket shelves.
• He even used serigraphy (a form of printmaking
  using stencils) that was a very impersonable way
  to create and mass produce art.

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ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISM
Non-objective no realistic objects are
represented. Shows comlete freedom of individual
expression and freedom from rationality Pure
human expression gives importance to the
gestural mark of the artist When you take realism
out, what is left is pure expression
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JACKSON POLLOCK

• 1912-1956
• Abstract Expressionist
• Action Painting Painting with the entire body.
  Pollock would dance in his paintings. It is an
  exercised control and selective rhythmic dancing
  movements of the body.

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• Technique Dripped, poured, splattered paint on
  the canvas, used unconventional materials such as
  rulers and sticks. (Drip Period)
• Size of Work Huge. He worked on the floor so
  that he could approach his paintings from all
  angles.
• The main focus Continuous energy the content
  of Pollocks work became the painting itself
• Died in an alcohol related single car crash after
  struggling with alcoholism his entire life.

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The Key
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Lavender Mist