TCPIP Fundamentals

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TCP/IP Fundamentals
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TCP/IP

• an entire suite of data communications protocols
• TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
• IP (Internet Protocol)
• others
• ICMP NNTP FTP RIP
• SMTP NTP POP
• SNMP HTTP UDP

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TCP/IP Features

• open protocol standards
• independence from specific physical network
  hardware
• common addressing scheme
• standardized

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OSI and TCP/IP

• Physical Layer
• TCP/IP makes use of existing standards
• Data Link Layer
• how IP can make use of existing data link
  protocols (ethernet, FDDI, ATM, etc.)
• Network Layer
• Internet Protocol (IP)
• handles the addressing and delivery of data

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OSI and TCP/IP

• Transport Layer
• guarantees that the receiver gets the data
  exactly as it was sent
• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
• User Datagram Protocol (UDP) -- does not perform
  end-to-end reliability checks

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OSI and TCP/IP

• Session Layer
• resides in the transport layer
• session is not used
• sockets and ports describe the path over which
  cooperating applications communicate
• Presentation Layer
• how data is represented (syntax and semantics)
• handled in the application layer

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OSI and TCP/IP

• Application Layer
• all applications that users directly interact
  with
• other processes

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TCP/IP Protocol Architecture

• Network Access Layer
• routines for accessing physical networks
• Internet Layer
• defines the datagram and handles the routing
• Host-to-Host Transport Layer
• end-to-end data delivery services
• Application Layer
• applications and processes that use the network

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Network Access Layer

• protocols that provide the means for the system
  to deliver data to the other devices directly
  attached to the network
• describes how to use the network to transmit an
  IP datagram
• one access protocol for each physical network
  standard

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Network Access Layer

• encapsulation of IP datagrams
• mapping of IP addresses to the physical network
  addresses
• Address Resolution Protocol
• maps IP addresses to ethernet addresses

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without feeling love. Understanding and love go
together. When we nourish the soul, we
automatically nourish our capacity to love
another person.
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Internet Layer

• The Internet Protocol provides the basic packet
  delivery service
• all TCP/IP data flows through IP
• Internet Protocol
• routing datagrams to remote hosts
• performing fragmentation and reassembly of
  datagrams

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Internet Layer

• Routing Datagrams
• IP is a connectionless protocol
• packet switching network

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Internet Layer

• Fragmenting Datagrams
• Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU)
• format of eac fragment is the same as the datgram
• the header contains information
• that identifies each datagram fragment
• about how to reassemble the fragments

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Internet Layer

• Passing Information to the Transport Layer
• the data portion of each datagram is passed to
  the correct transport layer protocol
• protocol number -- each transport protocol has a
  unique protocol number

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Internet Layer

• Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
• flow control
• detecting unreachable destinations
• redirecting routes
• checking remote hosts (ICMP echo message)

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Transport Layer

• User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
• minimum protocol overhead
• unreliable
• connectionless
• good for query-response models

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Transport Layer

• Transmission Control Protocol
• reliable data delivery
• connection-oriented (data is viewed as a stream
  of bytes, not as independent packets)
• Positive Acknowledgement with Retransmission
  (PAR)
• synchronize sequence numbers (SYN)

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Transport Layer

• Acknowledgement Segment (ACK)
• positive acknowledgement (ack )
• flow control (window field)
• delivering data received from IP to the correct
  application
• through the port number

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Application Layer

• telnet - remote login over the network
• ftp
• smtp
• domain name service (DNS)
• network file system (NFS)
• RIP

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something you make, something you do, something
you are, and something you give away.