Chapter V, Article IV The Federal System

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Terms and CasesModule V

• Chapter V, Article IV The Federal System

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Cases

• Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) Declared that
  African Americans were not, and could not be,
  American citizens. This case, which also
  invalidated the Missouri Compromise of 1820,
  helped serve as a catalyst to the Civil War and
  was overturned by the Fourteenth Amendment.
• McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) Ruled that Congress
  had the implied power to establish a national
  bank and that the state of Maryland had no
  authority to tax it.

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Terms -Article IV The Federal System

• Extradition The process by which states return a
  fugitive back to the state from which such a
  fugitive fled in order that such an individual
  may be tried for crimes committed or alleged to
  have been committed there. The provision for
  extradition is found in Article IV, Section 2 of
  the Constitution.
• Federalism A governmental system in which power
  is divided between state and national
  authorities. In such systems, powers are almost
  always delineated by a written constitution, and
  both state and national governments have
  powersas, for example, through taxationto
  operate directly upon individual citizens
• Fugitive Slave Clause A provision found in
  Article IV, Section 2 of the Constitution
  requiring that states shall deliver persons held
  to Service or labor in one State, under the Laws
  thereof, escaping into another. Friction over
  this clause was particularly intense in the
  period leading up to the Civil War.

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Terms -Article IV The Federal System

• Full Faith and Credit Obligation from each State
  to another to recognize public acts, records and
  judicial proceedings.
• Guarantee Clause The provision in Article IV,
  Section 4 of the Constitution providing that the
  United States shall guarantee each state a
  republican, or representative, form of
  government..
• Privileges and Immunities Clause The provisions
  in Article IV, Section l and in Section 1 of the
  Fourteenth Amendment, which provide that states
  must treat citizens of other states as they would
  their own.

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Terms -Article IV The Federal System

• Republican Government A form of indirect, or
  representative, democracy, defended by James
  Madison and other American founders as superior
  to pure democracy.
• Unitary Government A governmental system in
  which primary powers rest with the central
  government.