Introduction to RFID and Its Applications

1
Introduction to RFIDand Its Applications

• Manufacturing Automation Integration Lab.
• 2004. 5. 31.
• Manchul Han (sampleh_at_ultra.snu.ac.kr)

RFID Radio Frequency Identification
2
RFID Handbook - Fundamentals and Applications in
Contactless Smart Cards and Identification

• Klaus Finkenzeller
• Giesecke Devrient GmbH, Munich, Germany

3
Contents

• Introduction
• Differentiation Features of RFID Systems
• Fundamental Operating Principles of RFID Systems
• Example Applications
• Paper Auto ID systems and intelligent
  manufacturing control
• More Issues
• Conclusion

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Introduction

• Brief overview of different automatic
  identification systems
• Barcode systems
• Optical character recognition (OCR)
• Biometric procedures voice identification,
  fingerprint procedures
• Smart cards memory cards, microprocessor cards
• RFID systems

5
Introduction
6
Introduction

• Component of an RFID system
• The transponder, which is located on the object
  to be identified
• The Interrogator or reader, which may be a read
  or write/read device

7
Differentiation Features of RFID Systems

• Fundamental differentiation features
• Operation type FDX / HDX / SEQ
• Data quantity over 1 bit / 1 bit EAS
• Programmable yes / no
• Data carriers operating principle IC / SAW
• Sequence state machine / microprocessor
• Power supply battery / passive
• Frequency Range LF / HF (or RF) / UHF (or
  microwave)
• Data transfer reflection or backscatter / load
  modulation / subharmonics or 1/n fold / harmonic
  waves or n-fold

FDX full duplex HDX half duplex SEQ
sequential EAS electronic article
surveillance IC integrated circuit SAW
surface acoustic wave LF low-frequency(30-300
kHz) HF high-frequency(3-30 MHz) RF
radio-frequency UHF ultra-high frequency(300
MHz-3 GHz)
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Differentiation Features of RFID Systems

• Transponder construction formats
• Disks and coins
• Glass housing
• Plastic housing
• Tool and gas bottle identification
• Keys and key fobs
• Clocks
• ID-1 format, contactless smart cards
• Smart label
• Coil-on-chip
• Other formats

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Differentiation Features of RFID Systems

• Information processing in the transponder
• Low-end, mid-range, high-end systems
• Selection criteria for RFID systems
• Operating frequency
• Range
• Security requirements
• Memory capacity

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Differentiation Features of RFID Systems

• Characteristics of different operating frequencies

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Fundamental Operating Principles of RFID Systems
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Example Applications

• Public transport
• Ticketing
• Access control
• Transport systems
• Animal identification
• Electronic immobilization
• Container identification
• Sporting events
• Industrial automation
• Medical applications

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Example Applications

• Industrial automation
• Tool identification
• Hazard may be caused by the wrong fitting of the
  CNC machines chain magazine.
• This potential hazard can be eliminated by
  fitting a transponder in the taper shaft or in
  the retention bolts of the toolholder
• Industrial production
• Each object can carry a complete data record with
  it that contains information about its identity
• Free from the critical fault of a centralized
  system
• Only writable RFID technologies can achieve

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Example Applications
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Auto ID Systems and Intelligent Manufacturing
Control

• Engineering Applications of Artificial
  Intelligence, June 2003
• Duncan McFarlanea, Sanjay Sarmab, Jin Lung
  Chirna,
• C. Y. Wonga, Kevin Ashtonb
• a Cambridge Auto ID Centre, Institute for
  Manufacturing, University of Cambridge
• b MIT Auto ID Center, Department of Mechanical
  Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

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Contents

• Introduction
• Auto ID technologies
• Auto ID in conventional manufacturing control
  systems
• Auto ID in distributed, intelligent manufacturing
  control
• Example Auto-ID-enhanced assembly cell control

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Auto ID in Conventional Manufacturing Control
Systems

• Conventional manufacturing control

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Auto ID in Conventional Manufacturing Control
Systems

• Auto ID enhancement of conventional manufacturing
  control

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Auto ID in Distributed, Intelligent Manufacturing
Control

• Intelligent-product-driven manufacturing control
• An intelligent product is a physical and
  information-based representation of a product
  which
• possesses a unique identification
• is capable of communicating effectively with its
  environment
• can retain or store data about itself
• deploys a language to display its features,
  production requirements, etc.
• is capable of participating in or making
  decisions relevant to its own destiny.

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Auto ID in Distributed, Intelligent Manufacturing
Control

• Example An electrical meter boxes assembly line

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Auto ID in Distributed, Intelligent Manufacturing
Control
Network connection
RFID reader
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More Issues

• Tag-based vision system

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More Issues

• Standards
• Anticollision
• Frequency range
• Body-area network

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Conclusion

• Key features of RFID
• Not line of sight
• Robust
• Read speed
• Reading multiple items
• Security
• Programmability
• RFID has huge possibilities but a few
  applications
• We can apply RFID technology to industrial
  processes, logistics, supply chain management,
  etc.