Earth

1
Earths Materials

• Matter and Atoms

2
Matter

• Anything that has mass and volume
• Matter is composed of elements
• A substance that can not be broken down into
  simpler substances by chemical reactions
• Ex Oxygen, nitrogen, gold, sulfur, etc.

3
Atoms

• Elements consist of atoms
• Atom The smallest part of an element with all
  the elements properties
• Atomic Structure
• Electrons (negative charge) moving around a
  nucleus of protons (positive charge) and neutrons
  (neutral charge)

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Not to scale!
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Atomic Particles
Particle Location Charge Mass Symbol
Proton Nucleus 1 1 AMU p
Neutron Nucleus 0 1 AMU n0
Electron Outside nucleus -1 Much less than 1 AMU e-
6
Periodic Table

• The periodic table is a listing of all the known
  elements and arranged in a logical order
• Elements are arranged based on their mass and
• Based on their specific properties

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Understanding the Periodic Table
Element Symbol One or two letters, 1st letter
always capitalized, 2nd always lower case
Atomic Number The number of protons in the
nucleus of the atom
Atomic Mass Sum of protons and neutrons in the
nucleus
Name of element
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Bonding

• Most substances on Earth are compounds rather
  than elements
• Compounds are two or more elements that are
  chemically combined with bonds
• A bonds is the result of the interactions between
  the electrons of two different atoms