Challenges and opportunities in networks of embedded sensors, processors, and actuators

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Challenges and opportunities in networks of
embedded sensors, processors, and actuators

• by Sethuraman karanam
• Under the guidance of Dr.Rajab challoo

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contents

• 1.What and why
• 2.Projects relating the networks of embedded
  systems. (challenges opportunities).
• 3.Beam forming
• 4. Medium access for control applications
• 5. Control of networked mobile teams

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Networks of Embedded systems

• What?
• It is nothing but collection of nodes.
• 1.Capable of sensing or actuation.
• 2.Processing ability.
• 3.Communication ability.

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Why?

• Low power communication and computation.
• Low cost fabrication.
• Multitude of low-cost sensors and actuators
• (dc motors,piezo actuators,..)
• Integration in small-size packages.
• Low cost/power mobility (air,ground
  underwater)

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Projects-

• Beam-forming for low-power transmitters
• Medium access for control applications
• Control of networked mobile teams Controller

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Lower power communication

• Challenge low-power transmitters cannot reach
  far away receivers
• Opportunity strength in numbers

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Beam forming 101

• Total transmit power N A2/2
• (After constructive interference)
• Received power

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Adaptive beam-forming

• UCB Distributed algorithm for carrier
  synchronization at the receiver antenna
• 1.each transmitter starts with a random phase
• 2.at each time-slot each transmitter introduces
  phase shifts of dor -d(equal prob.)
• 3.if total received power increased keep phase
  shift, otherwise discard and go to 2.

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Medium access for control applications

• Challenge networks of sensors, controllers
  (processors), and actuators share a communication
  channel for data exchange
• Opportunity co-design of medium access and
  feedback control algorithms to maximize number of
  devices per Mbps

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Medium-access control algorithms co-design

• Control design methodologies for systems with
  non-uniform sampling, network delays, and
  communication faults
• ??control laws obtained from solving convex
  optimization problems
• ??multiple solutions available
• (differing in terms of complexity,
  scalability, performance, etc.)
• ??control design procedures generate
  requirements for medium-access protocols
• Medium-access protocols designed to guarantee
  appropriate control requirements
• ??E.g., CAN bus scheduling protocol that
  guarantees that message delivery deadlines will
  be met

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Control of networked mobile teams

• Challenge multiple agents must operate
  autonomously and coordinate their efforts through
  a network with limited connectivity
• Opportunity mobility control to accomplish the
  teams mission, while maintaining appropriate
  inter-agent connectivity

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Line-of-sight covering

• Goal To distribute a group of agents for
  line-of-sight covering
• Constraints
• ?agent network must remain line-of-sight
  connected
• ?the shape of the region is not known a priori

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Target tracking

• Goal focus the attention of a group of agents on
  mobile targets
• Constraints
• ?only nearby agents can exchange information
• ?nonlinear vehicle dynamics.

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Urls

• http//www.engineering.ucsb.edu/insights2006/pdf/p
  resentations/insights2006_joao_hespanha.pdf
• http//www.iis.fraunhofer.de/asic/analog/microsyst
  em/magnet/datasheet.html

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Thank you

• ANY QUERIES?