Year 11 Biology

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Year 11 Biology
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Year 11 Biology

• UNIT ONE
• Area of Study One Cells in Action
• Area of Study Two Functioning Organisms

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Year 11 Biology

• UNIT ONE
• Area of Study One Cells in Action
• Area of Study Two Functioning Organisms
• UNIT TWO
• Area of Study One Adaptations of Organisms
• Area of Study Two Dynamic Ecosystems

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Chapter OneCells Discovery and Exploration
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Chapter OneCells Discovery and Exploration

• The cell is the structural and functional unit of
  all known living organisms.

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Chapter OneCells Discovery and Exploration

• The cell is the structural and functional unit of
  all known living organisms.
• It is the smallest unit of an organism that is
  classified as living, and is sometimes called the
  building block of life.

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Chapter OneCells Discovery and Exploration

• The cell is the structural and functional unit of
  all known living organisms.
• It is the smallest unit of an organism that is
  classified as living, and is sometimes called the
  building block of life.
• The descriptive name for the smallest living
  biological structure was chosen by Robert Hooke
  in a book he published in 1665 when he compared
  the cork cells he saw through his microscope to
  the small rooms monks lived in.

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Chapter OneCells Discovery and Exploration
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Chapter OneCells Discovery and Exploration

• A microscope is an instrument for viewing objects
  that are too small to be seen by the naked or
  unaided eye.

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Chapter OneCells Discovery and Exploration

• A microscope is an instrument for viewing objects
  that are too small to be seen by the naked or
  unaided eye.
• Optical microscopes, through their use of visible
  wavelengths of light, are the simplest and hence
  most widely used type of microscope.

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Chapter OneCells Discovery and Exploration

• A microscope is an instrument for viewing objects
  that are too small to be seen by the naked or
  unaided eye.
• Optical microscopes, through their use of visible
  wavelengths of light, are the simplest and hence
  most widely used type of microscope.
• Electron microscopes, which use beams of
  electrons instead of light, are designed for very
  high magnification usage.

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Chapter OneCells Discovery and Exploration
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Chapter OneCells Discovery and Exploration

• Scanning electron microscope looks at the
  surface of bulk objects by scanning the surface
  with a fine electron beam and measuring
  reflection.

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Chapter OneCells Discovery and Exploration

• Scanning electron microscope looks at the
  surface of bulk objects by scanning the surface
  with a fine electron beam and measuring
  reflection.

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Chapter OneCells Discovery and Exploration

• Transmission electron microscope passes
  electrons completely through the sample.

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Chapter OneCells Discovery and Exploration

• Transmission electron microscope passes
  electrons completely through the sample.

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Getting Energy

• All living things need energy for growth,
  maintenance activity and reproduction.

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Getting Energy

• All living things need energy for growth,
  maintenance activity and reproduction.
• Energy cannot be created or destroyed but changes
  form.

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Getting Energy

• AUTOTROPHS
• Plants and algae soak up sunlight to gain the
  energy they need for living and build up their
  organic matter from inorganic matter taken up
  from their surroundings. They produce their own
  glucose via Photosynthesis.

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Getting Energy

• Photosynthesis
• 6CO2 12H20 ? C6H12O6 6O2 6H2O

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Getting Energy

• Single-celled algae and cyanobacteria also
  photosynthesise.

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Getting Energy

• Single-celled algae and cyanobacteria also
  photosynthesise.
• They use the glucose from photosynthesis as the
  starting point for the manufacture of all the
  other types of organic molecules e.g. Complex
  carbohydrates, lipids and proteins.

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Getting Energy
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Getting Energy

• Plant cells contain capsules called
  Chloroplasts that contain Chlorophyll.

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Getting Energy

• Plant cells contain capsules called
  Chloroplasts that contain Chlorophyll.
• It is here where photosynthesis takes place.

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Getting Energy

• Plant cells contain capsules called
  Chloroplasts that contain Chlorophyll.
• It is here where photosynthesis takes place.

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Getting Energy

• SUMMARY Green plants use light energy to make
  glucose from Carbon Dioxide and Water in a
  process called Photosynthesis.

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Getting Energy

• SUMMARY Green plants use light energy to make
  glucose from Carbon Dioxide and Water in a
  process called Photosynthesis.

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Getting Energy

• Heterotrophs
• Animals are heterotrophs because they need to eat
  other organisms to obtain the fuel for cellular
  respiration.

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Getting Energy

• Heterotrophs
• Animals are heterotrophs because they need to eat
  other organisms to obtain the fuel for cellular
  respiration.
• Animals obtain their energy for living and the
  material for building and repairing their
  structure from organic matter in their
  surroundings. The matter is food.

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Getting Energy

• They feed on other organisms, gaining the organic
  molecules they need by stealing them.

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Getting Energy

• They feed on other organisms, gaining the organic
  molecules they need by stealing them.
• Without photosynthesis there would be no organic
  molecules in the first place.

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Getting Energy

• They feed on other organisms, gaining the organic
  molecules they need by stealing them.
• Without photosynthesis there would be no organic
  molecules in the first place.
• Food for one heterotrophic species maybe useless
  for a different heterotrophy. Why?

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Getting Energy

• To be food for a heterotrophic organism, a
  substance

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Getting Energy

• To be food for a heterotrophic organism, a
  substance
• Must be able to be obtained by the heterotroph

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Getting Energy

• To be food for a heterotrophic organism, a
  substance
• Must be able to be obtained by the heterotroph
• Must contain organic matter that can be broken
  down and used by the heterotroph to supply it
  with the chemical energy for living and the
  organic matter to build and repair its own
  structure.

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The End