Changes in Matter

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Changes in Matter

• Chapter 3 sections 1 and 3

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Solid

• Definite Shape and Definite Volume.

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Particles in a solid

• Atoms and/or molecules are packed closely
  together and slightly vibrate.

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Types of solids

• Crystalline solid Arranged in a crystal-like,
  repeating pattern.
• All have a distinct melting point.

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Types of solids cont.

• Amorphic Solid Particles are arranged in an
  irregular or random pattern.
• Dont have a distinct melting point.
• Example Glass, plastic, rubber

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Liquids

• Takes the shape of the container that its in.

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Particles in a Liquid

• Atoms and/or molecules are loosely packed
  together.

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Suspension

• A mixture where particles can be seen and easily
  separated.
• Examples Milk, salad dressing and muddy water

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Viscosity
The resistance of a liquid to flow. The higher
the viscosity, the slower it will flow. Usually
amorphic solids.
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Water

• Surface tension Molecules on the surface are
  only affected by those below the surface, thus
  causing drops of liquid to be spheres.

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• TAKE OUT YOUR OOBLECK LAB

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Gases

• Have no definite shape and no definite volume.
• Very compressible.

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Particles in a gas

• Particles are not touching, therefore the
  Intermolecular forces are broken.
• Movement is random and independent of each other.

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Boyles Law

• At a constant temperature, if the pressure of a
  gas increases its volume decreases.

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Graph of Boyles Law
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Pressure and Temperature of gases

• When the temperature of a gas increases its
  pressure increases and when temperature decreases
  pressure decreases.

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Charles' Law

• When temperature of a gas increases its volume
  increases.
• In other words, gases expand as they heat up and
  condense as they cool down.

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Energy and State Change

• When a substance changes state
• Solid? liquid? gas gaining energy
• Gas? liquid? solid loses energy

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Measuring Gases

• Temperature the measure of the motion (kinetic
  energy) of the particles of a substance.

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Measuring Gases Cont

• Pressure of a gas The measure of the outward
  force divided by the surface area of the
  container.

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Increased Temperature Increased average velocity
of gas particles
Increased Force per collision.
Increased number of collisions with walls of
container
Initial increase in pressure? force area of
container
Inside pressure is greater than external
pressure.
Container expands ? Increased Volume
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Take out your Hot Air Balloons Lab and write down
the Purpose
To Learn how the volume of a gas changes with
temperature.