Coastal Observation and Prediction Sponsors:

1

• Industry Partners
• SeaSpace
• CODAR Ocean Sensors
• Teledyne Webb Research
• Teledyne RD Instruments
• Satlantic
• Wetsat

Observing Storm-Induced Sediment Resuspension
Processes in the Middle Atlantic Bight with
Slocum Gliders Scott Glenn, Oscar Schofield,
Robert Chant, John Wilkin, Josh Kohut, Janice
McDonnell
Coastal Observation and Prediction Sponsors
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U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System

• A fully Integrated Ocean
• Observing System (IOOS)
• enables NOAA and its Partners
• to provide service to the nation
• through
• Improved Ecosystem and Climate Understanding
• Sustained Living Marine Resources
• Improved Public Health and Safety
• Reduced Impacts of Natural Hazards and
  Environmental Changes
• Enhanced Support for Marine Commerce and
  Transportation

www.ioos.noaa.gov
IOOS Goal - Provide continuous data required by
scientists, managers, businesses, governments,
and the public to support research and inform
decision-making.
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U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System

• NOAA-Led IOOS Components
• International Component
• National Component
• a) 17 Federal Agencies
• b) 11 Regional Associations

Products Services Modeling Analysis Data
Management Observing Systems
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U.S. IOOS Partnerships 11 Regional Associations

• 11 IOOS Regional Associations
• Great Lakes Observing System
• North East Regional Association Coastal Ocean
  Observing System
• Mid-Atlantic Coastal Ocean Observing Regional
  Association
• South East Coastal Ocean Observing Regional
  Association
• Caribbean Regional Association
• Gulf Coast Ocean Observing System
• Pacific Integrated Ocean Observing System
• Southern California Coastal Ocean Observing
  System
• Central California Ocean Observing System
• NAN Ocean Observing System
• Alaska Ocean Observing System

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Mid-Atlantic Regional Coastal Ocean Observing
System
4 Mid-Atlantic GliderPorts
30 Co-PIs, 20 Institutions
Investigator Affiliation Investigator Affiliation
A. Allen U.S. Coast Guard L. Atkinson Old Dominion University
A. F. Blumberg Stevens Institute of Technology W. Boicourt University of Maryland
W. Brown University of Massachusetts M. Bruno Stevens Institute of Technology
D. Chapman University of Delaware A. Cope NOAA Mount Holly WFO
A.Gangopadhyay University of Massachusetts T. Herrington Stevens Institute of Technology
D. Holloway OPeNDAP E. Howlett Applied Science Associates
D. King University of Maryland J. Kohut Rutgers University
B. Lipphardt University of Delaware A.MacDonald Monmouth University
J. McDonnell Rutgers University J. Moisan NASA Wallops
J. ODonnell University of Connecticut M. Oliver Rutgers University
O. Schofield Rutgers University H. Seim University of North Carolina
J. Titlow WeatherFlow Inc. D. Ullman University of Rhode Island
J. Wilkin Rutgers University R. Wilson SUNY, Stony Brook
W. Wittman Public Service Electric Gas M. Yarosh CIT
A. Voros NY/NJ COAST S. Glenn Rutgers University
Mid-Atlantic Glider Consortium Rutgers U., U.
Massachusetts, U. Maryland, U. North Carolina
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MARCOOS Theme 1 Maritime Safety Search And
Rescue
NOAA Coastal Site CODAR Currents SLDMB Drifter
MAB CODAR Network
SLDMB Drifter
Drifter Test Results CODAR Exceeds Present
Methodology
SAROPS Before CODAR Large Random Search Area
SAROPS After CODAR Small Stratified Search
Areas
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U.S. IOOS National High Frequency (HF) Radar
Network
National HF Radar Network 113 Sites from 27
Institutions 1.8 M records
CODAR
Search And Rescue
Emerging National HF Radar Network Rutgers
NOAA East Coast Hub Scripps NOAA West Coast
Hub
Mission Planning
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Regional Theme 2 Ecological Decision Support -
Fisheries
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U.S. IOOS - Ecosystem Based Management
Large Marine Ecosystems Fisheries Surveys Argo
Drifters Met. Stations QuikSCAT Atmospheric
Forecasts Ocean Forecasts HF Radar
Altimetry Satellite Imagery Glider Fleets
1,000 km
Fall 2008 Glider Transects
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SeaBird CTD - Conductivity Thermal Inertia
Correction
ONR Shallow Water 2006 Joint Exp. Sharpest
summer pycnocline in 5 years of Glider sampling
DT gt 15 C DZ lt 5 m
Single Speed Thermal Inertia Correction
Raw Temperature Salinity
Flight Characteristics
Multi-Speed Thermal Inertia Correction
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Rutgers Slocum Glider Fleet Missions 160
Oct 2003 Oct 2008 Glider Days 2434
Calendar Days 1250 Distance 53,000 km
Casts 331,809
Optical Sensors
Storm Track
Hurricane Tracks Through New Jersey
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Flight to Halifax Long-Duration Test Flight
Winter Storm
Lithium Batteries DigiFin
Tuckerton Endurance Line to Halifax Endurance
Line
gt25 Foot Significant Wave Height in Storm
Winter Storm Crosses Glider Path
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• Storm-Induced Sediment Resuspension
• Science Questions
• What differences are observed in stratified
  versus unstratified seasons?
• What processes influence the resuspension of
  sediment?
• What are the implications for the redistribution
  of sediment in the MAB?
• Focus Area
• Mid-shelf region of MAB
• Relatively unexplored
• Broad band of medium grain sands

14
At Sea with Sandy Williams - 1982 - R/V
Wacoma Coastal Ocean Dynamics Experiment (CODE)
Grant, W.D., A.J. Williams and S.M. Glenn, 1984.
Bottom stress estimates and their prediction on
the northern California shelf during CODE-1 The
importance of wave-current interaction, Journal
of Physical Oceanography, 14, 506-527.
15
Sediment Transport Studies at LEO Site early
1990s
Benthic Acoustic Stress Sensor (BASS) Tripod
Before and After Summer Deployment at LEO
16
LEO Seafloor Cabled Observatory Continuous
Video from the Seabed late 1990s
Lesson The importance of having a continuous
view of the sea
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Storm sediment transport on the MAB shelf 3-D
models suggest net southward and offshore
transport of material
Wave stress
Deposition (mm)
offshore southward
Keen and Glenn (JGR JPO)
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Storm sediment transport on the MAB shelf 1-D
models observation allow transport to
calculated during storms, net transport is
onshore!
Bottom time series collected
Models parameterized
1-D models of water column and bottom boundary
layer
storms
Significant wave height
Styles Glenn JGR
Styles Glenn JGR
We are getting the sign of the cross shore
transport wrong! Not once but all storms!
Bottom topography
offshore north
onshore south
Styles Glenn JGR
Traykovski JGR
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Storm sediment transport on the MAB bight 1-D
models observation allow transport to
calculated during storms, net transport is
onshore!
Bottom time series collected
Models parameterized
1-D models of water column and bottom boundary
layer
storms
Significant wave height
Styles Glenn JGR
Styles Glenn JGR
We are getting the sign of the cross shore
transport wrong! Not once but all storms!
Bottom topography
offshore north
onshore south
Styles Glenn JGR
Traykovski JGR
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Hurricane Ivan September, 2004 Mid-Shelf
Temperature
Delaware Bay Buoy Storm Peak Conditions Wind
Speed 16 m/s Wave Height 3.8 m Peak Period
8 s
Backscatter 470 nm
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Northeaster November 2003
Temperature
Delaware Bay Buoy Storm Peak Conditions Wind
Speed 18 m/s Wave Height 3.2 m Peak Period
6 s
Backscatter 470 nm
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October 2003 Fall Transition Storm - Northeaster
Storm Center Passes Tuckerton - Oct 29 Backside
Westerlies 5 m/s Waves at Delaware Bay - 2 m
Oct 29
Oct 29
B
Oct 29
Oct 30
Oct 30
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October 2003 Fall Transition Storm - Northeaster
Salinity
Temperature
Backscatter 470 nm
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October 2003 Fall Transition Storm - Northeaster
Density
Backscatter Ratio (470/676)
Backscatter (470)
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October 2003 Fall Transition Storm - Northeaster
Local Wave Height
Local Wave Period
Wave Bottom Velocity
Glider Vertical Velocity
October 30, 2003
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October 2003 Fall Transition Storm - Northeaster
Black Wind Purple Currents Blue Tidal
Current Red De-tided Residual
Suspended Sediment Variability Not Bottom
Sediment Not Waves Not Langmuir Cells Nonlinear
Interaction of Storm Currents, Tides
Waves Currents to the left of the wind
1 2 3 4 5
Oct 29
Oct 30
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Conservation of Sediment Mass Closure -
Constant Stress Layer, No Stratification
Suspended Sediment Concentration Profile
Fall Velocity / Shear Velocity Ratio
In terms of the Normalized Backscatter
Plot vs.
Find Slope
28
s
Blue Density Red Circles Backscatter Used in
Fit
Before Transition
ln(z/z(1.5m))
ln(bb(z)/ bb(1.5m))
29
s
Blue Density Red Circles Backscatter Used in
Fit
Before Transition
ln(z/z(1.5m))
ln(bb(z)/ bb(1.5m))
30
s
Blue Density Red Circles Backscatter Used in
Fit
Before Transition
ln(z/z(1.5m))
ln(bb(z)/ bb(1.5m))
31
s
Blue Density Red Circles Backscatter Used in
Fit
Before Transition
ln(z/z(1.5m))
ln(bb(z)/ bb(1.5m))
32
s
Blue Density Red Circles Backscatter Used in
Fit
Before Transition
ln(z/z(1.5m))
ln(bb(z)/ bb(1.5m))
33
s
Blue Density Red Circles Backscatter Used in
Fit
Before Transition
ln(z/z(1.5m))
ln(bb(z)/ bb(1.5m))
34
s
Blue Density Red Circles Backscatter Used in
Fit
After Transition
ln(z/z(1.5m))
ln(bb(z)/ bb(1.5m))
35
s
Blue Density Red Circles Backscatter Used in
Fit
After Transition
ln(z/z(1.5m))
ln(bb(z)/ bb(1.5m))
36
s
Blue Density Red Circles Backscatter Used in
Fit
After Transition
ln(z/z(1.5m))
ln(bb(z)/ bb(1.5m))
37
s
Blue Density Red Circles Backscatter Used in
Fit
After Transition
ln(z/z(1.5m))
ln(bb(z)/ bb(1.5m))
38
s
Blue Density Red Circles Backscatter Used in
Fit
After Transition
ln(z/z(1.5m))
ln(bb(z)/ bb(1.5m))
39
s
Blue Density Red Circles Backscatter Used in
Fit
After Transition
ln(z/z(1.5m))
ln(bb(z)/ bb(1.5m))
40
s
Blue Density Red Circles Backscatter Used in
Fit
After Transition
ln(z/z(1.5m))
ln(bb(z)/ bb(1.5m))
41
s
Blue Density Red Circles Backscatter Used in
Fit
After Transition
ln(z/z(1.5m))
ln(bb(z)/ bb(1.5m))
42
s
Blue Density Red Circles Backscatter Used in
Fit
After Transition
ln(z/z(1.5m))
ln(bb(z)/ bb(1.5m))
43
s
Blue Density Red Circles Backscatter Used in
Fit
After Transition
ln(z/z(1.5m))
ln(bb(z)/ bb(1.5m))
44
October 2003 Fall Transition Storm - Northeaster

• Fall Transition
• BBL Growth
• Rapid Increase in u as stratification is
  lost
• Mixing throughout watercolumn

1 2 3
4 5
RMS
Before Transition
After Transition
wf/u
October 30, 2003
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October 2003 Fall Transition Storm - Northeaster
1 2 3
4 5
Total Load
Current Speed
Net Trans- port
October 30, 2003
46

• New Sediment Transport Results From Gliders
• Even weak stratification has a significant
  impact on turbulent mixing across boundary layers
• Sediment Resuspension depends on storm currents,
  tides and waves
• Sediment Transport depends on the complex life
  history of each storm

Glenn, S., C. Jones, M. Twardowski, L. Bowers, J.
Kerfoot, J. Kohut, D. Webb, O. Schofield,
Glider observations of sediment resuspension in a
Middle Atlantic Bight fall transition storm,
Limnology Oceanography, 53(5, part 2), 2008,
2180-2196.
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• Future Directions New Sensors for Sediment
  Transport
• Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers -
• Downward Looking with Bottom Tracking
• with Teledyne Webb Research
• Teledyne RD Instruments
• Accelerometers for Surface Waves
• with Oregon State University
• Turbulence Sensors Chi-Pod
• with Oregon State University

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Tropical Storm Hanna September 57, 2008
NOAA Delaware Bay Buoy 44009
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Tropical Storm Hanna CODAR Surface Currents
Sept 6 1800
Sept 7 0000
Sept 7 1200
Sept 7 0600
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Tropical Storm Hanna - Satellite Ocean Color
Imagery - September 6, 2008
Indias Oceansat Chlorophyll September 04, 2008
Indias Oceansat Chlorophyll September 08, 2008
51
Tropical Storm Hanna September 6, 2008 Satellite
Imagery
September 5, Pre-Hanna SST
September 7, Post-Hanna SST
NOAA-17 Sea Surface Temperature September 4, 2008
52
Tropical Storm Hanna Hurricane Hunter Glider
September 4-13, 2008 Ocean Response to Tropical
Storm Hanna - 1) Mixing Cooling of Surface
Layer, 2) Inertial Currents Internal Waves
53

• Regional-Scale Conclusions
• Gliders are Proven Storm Sampling Platforms
• 2) Existing Optical Sensors Produce Unique
  Sediment Transport Results Regionally
  Distributed Fleets Possible Now Spatial
  Patterns
• 3) New Sensors Will Further Enable New Storm
  Science
• - Turbulent Closure Mixing

torms