HRIBF Upgrades

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HRIBF Upgrades

• HRIBF Astrophysics Workshop
• October 24, 2006
• Jim Beene

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Background

• HRIBF was developed at very low cost from an
  existing accelerator complex in the mid 1990s
• Dedicated in December 1996
• Need for significant upgrades apparent from
  beginning

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HRIBFExisting Systems2002
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Facility Overview

• RIB Production
• Oak Ridge Isochronous Cyclotron (ORIC)
• IRIS1 RIB production station
• 25 MV tandem electrostatic accelerator
• ISOL Development
• 2 off-line Ion Source Test Facilities (ISTF1,2)
• 1 low-power On-Line Test Facility (OLTF)
• 1 High Power Target Laboratory (HPTL)
• Experimental End Stations
• Recoil Mass Spectrometer (RMS)
• Daresbury Recoil Separator (DRS)
• Enge Spectrograph
• Several general purpose end stations

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HRIBF Post-accelerated Beams
175 RIB species available (26 more
unaccelerated) 32 proton-rich species 143
neutron-rich species
Post-accelerated Intensity
Beam list increased by 50 since 2003
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Background to Facility Upgrade Program

• Consideration of upgrades began 1995
• Modest-scale upgrades of HRIBF endorsed by LE
  program review in 2001
• Both production systems and experimental systems
  included
• Now incorporated as part of HRIBF strategic plan
• Science, Prod. Systems, Experimental Systems
• DOE NP initial project ground rules
• Modest cost
• Minimum downtime
• Finish in time to be operated before RIA on line

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AIP program

• AIP funding to improve ORIC began in 1996
• 1.6M over 4 years
• Major impact on performance
• AIP applied to entire complex after 2000
• Critical tandem and control system improvements
• Significant fraction of AIP funds redirected to
  upgrade projects 2003-2006
• Need to return to concentration on ORIC
  improvement.
• e.g. rf upgrade 2006-2008

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Major upgrade needs

• RIB production systems
• Beam production and preparation system upgrade
• HPTL, IRIS2
• Driver accelerator upgrade
• Post-accelerator upgrade
• Experimental system upgrades
• g-detector (CLARION) upgrades
• Gas target upgrades
• Si array upgrades
• Unaccelerated beam facility (LeRibss)
• Neutron detection upgrades
• Computing and data acquisition
• New beamlines

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LeRibss
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8 Year Plan for Major Production Systems Upgrades

• FY03-FY05 HPTL
• FY06-FY08 IRIS2 RLIS development
• FY07-FY11 ORIC axial injection external
  development
• FY09-FY11 Electron driver (gt 10M)
• FY12 ORIC axial injection installation

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Consequences of Operating HRIBF as a Single
Production Station Facility

• Unavoidable downtime due to target/ion-source
  failure
• More downtime for transition between campaigns.
• More downtime for maintenance of hot equipment.
• Inability to carry out target RD at high power
  density.
• High risk to mix RD and production on single
  injector system.
• Difficult (or risky) to implement advanced beam
  preparation techniques or mods to injector
  operation
• Space severely limited on IRIS1
• Size and layout precludes implementation of
  ECRIS, laser ion sources or coolers (ion guides)
• Potential downtime associated with mods a
  deterrent to changes
• Limited flexibility in radioisotope inventory
  management.

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HPTL and the HRIBF Science Program

• The HPTL is a beam development RD facility
• targets
• ion sources
• beam purification and manipulation techniques
• HPTL does not provide immediate and direct
  augmentation of HRIBF science capability
• HPTL does enhance our ability to advance ISOL
  science technology and as a consequence will
  substantially enhance the reach and impact of our
  science program

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The IRIS2 Project

• IRIS2 is intended to provide operational
  redundancy in RIB production, i.e. a second
  injector system.
• Additional highly shielded space beyond HPTL is
  prohibitively expensive, so we co-locate IRIS2
  with HPTL.
• Characteristics already designed into HPTL will
  simplify implementation of advanced beam
  preparation and purification techniques.
• RD functionality associated with HPTL will not
  be lost with IRIS2 rather HPTL will be
  incorporated in HRIBF as a production station.
• Sharing production and RD activities among two
  injector systems is much less an issue than
  sharing these functions on a single system.
• The space occupied by HPTL was laid out to
  facilitate ISOL RD activities.

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HRIBF with IRIS2
IRIS1
IRIS2
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IRIS2 Project Summary

• Cost 4.7M, funded beginning Jan. 2006
• Total Duration 3 years
• Anticipated completion Q1 FY2009

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Driver upgrades

• It is possible to make major gains in n-rich beam
  intensity within the DOE-NP upgrade cost
  guidelines our staff limitations
• Major gains in p-rich beam intensity appear to
  require a much larger investment
• Improvements to ORIC can enhance HRIBF
  performance across the board, especially for
  p-rich production

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ORIC Axial Injection
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Neutron-Rich RIB Production with High Power
Electron Beams

• Bremsstrahlung from the electron beam induces
  photo-fission in a uranium carbide target system
  with a thickness of 30 g/cm2 (10X0)
• A 1 kW, 50 MeV electron beam incident on such a
  target would generate a total uranium fission
  rate 20 times greater than a 1 µA, 50 MeV proton
  beam, while depositing about the same power
  density in the target.
• Photofission is a colder process the yield of
  neutron-rich species is shifted much farther from
  stability than for proton induced fission.
• This electron-driver initiative could provide
  enhancements in excess of 103 for very
  neutron-rich RIBs at a much lower cost than
  hadron drivers.
• The most cost-effective means of reaching 1013
  f/s
• Requires no major target breakthroughs

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Photofission yields

• 1013 f/s easily achieved
• About 20x current HRIBF
• But real gain gtgt 20x

238U(g,f)
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Photofission target issues
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Photofission at HRIBF
1013 ph-f/s 10 mA 40 MeV p
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HRIBF Beams with an Electron Driverpost-accelerat
ed intensities

• 1013 f/s
• 20 kW 50MeV e- direct
• 50 kW 50 MeV e-, 3X0 conv.
• 60 kW 25 MeV e-, 1.5X0 conv.

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Electron driver options

• 50 MeV 50-100 kW CW SC linac
• 7M (not including cryo systems )
• 25 MeV 200 kW CW Rhodotron (IBA)
• 9M (includes controls, beam rastering)

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Summary

• We have developed an integrated strategic plan
  for the HRIBF (a work in progress)
• Science program, experimental systems, and
  production systems upgrades, and are all included
• Production system upgrades through 2008 (HPTL
  IRIS2) are complete or in progress
• The next major production sys. upgrade step
• Photofission driver cost 16M professional
  staff effort
• ORIC axial injector upgrade
• Modest cost 2M (AIP-scale)
• Significant performance and reliability
  improvements
• gt8 mo facility downtime unless coupled to new
  driver

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END
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Potential RhodotronImplementation at HRIBF
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ORIC Axial Injection
PIG Source

• The performance of the HRIBF driver accelerator,
  ORIC, is limited by aspects of the PIG-type
  internal ion source and the multi-stage
  extraction system.
• Internal ion source limitations are
• short cathode life time when used with helium,
  and
• poor beam quality
• Electrostatic deflector septum extraction
  limitations are
• efficiency is low and limits the intensity of
  production beams
• results in high machine activation that impedes
  maintenance
• risk to internal machine components

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HPTL Project
High Power Target Laboraory

• Title High Power Target Laboratory
• Cost Funded at 4.752M
• Schedule FY03 (Q4) FY05 (Q4)
• Attributes
• Provides a dedicated facility for high-power RD
  of RIB targets, ion sources, and production
  techniques that should result in higher RIB
  intensities, purities, and available species.
• Separates RD from production
• Allows testing and optimization of novel target
  geometries, formats, and mechanisms for
  controlling high power deposition without risk to
  the production system
• Allows tests to monitor target behavior in real
  time
• Provided additional shielded space for future
  upgrades

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High Power Target Laboratory
Shield walls
ORIC Beamline
Target Station
HV Platform System
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ORIC Axial Injection

• Project Cost 1.5M
• Implemented in two phases
• Off-line test stand development of entire system
• Installation in ORIC including rf and extraction
  system modifications
• Features
• 40 kV ion source platform
• multi-cusp ion source for production of high
  intensity H? and D? beams
• ECR ion source for He and heavier ions such as
  Li, C
• magnetic beam transport components used to
  address space-charge effects
• multi-harmonic (MH) beam pulsing system and a
  spiral inflector
• Performance
• 80 of the analyzed DC beams extracted from
  the ion sources will be efficiently injected into
  and accelerated by ORIC.
• extract light ion beams from the ORIC with
  intensities up to 100 ?A using a newly designed
  foil stripping extraction system
• higher driver beam intensities combined with beam
  rastering will yield higher intensity RIBS

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Elevation View of IRIS2
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Integrated Strategic Plan
Roadmap (Timeline)
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• Science and Facility
• Experiment and Theory
• HRIBF and DOE Milestones

• Developed internally
• Still a draft document
• Consulted with HRIBF UEC
• Consulted with Group Leaders

LIVING DOCUMENT to keep us focused to keep
users and DOE informed
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Potential RhodotronImplementation at HRIBF
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Impact of IRIS2 on HRIBF Operations

• The primary direct justification for IRIS2 is
  improvement in operational effectiveness and
  efficiency of HRIBF.
• Full implementation of IRIS2 will allow us to
  achieve 50 increase in RIB hours for
  experiment.
• With present HRIBF configuration 2000 h RIB on
  target (1700 h achieved to date) for 5 day
  operation.
• Goal with IRIS2 implemented - 3000 h RIB on
  target for 5day ops
• We project 4000 h of RIB on target out of 6000 h
  total operations is a reasonable goal for 7 day
  ops with IRIS2 fully implemented.
• IRIS2 will enable us to significantly improve
  availability for RIB production and delivery.
• We expect to achieve x5 intensity increase in
  many currently available RIBS within 1-2 years of
  IRIS2 commissioning.
• Early implementation of laser photodetachment and
  RLIS will impact beam purity quickly. Laser lab
  designed in.
• Further increases in performance (RIB intensity
  and variety) will follow from RD carried out on
  IRIS2 / HPTL

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Background for IRIS2Realities of ISOL Facility
Operations

• Primary radioactive species production occurs in
  an extremely harsh environment at any ISOL RIB
  facility.
• Maintaining and servicing equipment in the
  vicinity of the production target is challenging
  and time consuming.
• Relatively frequent changes of targets and ion
  sources are a fact of RIB operations life and
  generate downtime at a facility with a single
  production site.
• Redundancy is the best way yet devised to deal
  with these and other issues.

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HRIBF
25MV Tandem Electrostatic Accelerator
Injector for Radioactive Ion Species 1 (IRIS1)
Oak Ridge Isochronous Cyclotron (ORIC)
Stable Ion Injector (ISIS)
Enge Spectrograph
Daresbury Recoil Separator (DRS)
High Power Target Laboratory (HPTL)
Recoil Mass Spectrometer (RMS)
On-Line Test Facility (OLTF)
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Grand scale upgrade

• 80-100M
• 3 to 5 yr downtime
• Incompatible with DOE NP guidance

Booster linac
Driver linac
200 MeV p 100 MeVq/A1/2
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Fission product yields
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IBA RhodotronElectron AcceleratorWilling to
scale their 10 MeV, 20mA unit (shown) to 25 MeV