Cognitive Psychology

1
Cognitive Psychology Review Chaps 4-7
2
Christmas Exam

• 1/3 Chaps 1-3, 2/3 Chaps 4-7
• Multiple choice (30 pts).
• Jeopardy style definitions (20 pts)
• Short answer (3 _at_ 10 pts each)
• Part 1 Short answer-type multiple choice (2 _at_ 10
  pts each)
• 2 pts for correct answer, 2 pts for stating why
  it is correct
• 2 pts X (stating why each of the other 3 are
  incorrect) (6 pts)
• Total 10 pts
• Eg.
• Which of the following is not a basic principle
  of cortical organization?
• Contra-lateral connections
• Back propagation
• Topographic organization
• Lateralization of function

3
Term Review

• Chapter 4 Attention
• Attention
• Categorizing Attention
• Arousal and Alertness
• Input attention Visual attention
• Controlled attention
• Selection Models
• Attention as a Resource
• Automaticity
• NeuroPsychology of Attention
• Hemineglect
• Consciousness
• Scientific investigation of consciousness
• The hard problem
• Awareness
• Self-awareness
• Intentionality

4
Term Review

• Chapter 4 Attention
• Key Terms
• Arousal Orienting reflex The spotlight
  metaphor Controlled attention Selective
  attention Mental (cognitive) resources
  Supervisory attentional system Yerkes-Dodson
  Law Zoom lens metaphor Endogenous orienting
  exogenous orienting Valid and invalid trials
  Pop-out search Conjunction search Divided
  attention Shadowing The bottleneck metaphor
  Attenuation model Early and late selection Dual
  task procedures Automatic processing
  Dissociations Relative sensitivity Perception
  without awareness Hemi-neglect Sentience
  Qualia Unconscious processes Self -knowledge
  Dualism Materialism Unconscious influences
  Objective threshold Subjective threshold The
  paint test Intentionality Orwellian vs.
  Stalinistic revisionism Free will vs. free
  wont
• Study Questions
• Describe Ashcrofts six meanings of attention.
• If you were a cognitive psychologist who
  theorized that stimuli can be processed and
  pattern recognized without awareness, which model
  of attention would you likely adhere to Early or
  late selection? Explain.
• What is the red dot test and how is it used to
  test for self-awareness?

5
Term Review

• Chapter 5 Short-term working memory
• The bottleneck approach
• Capacity, duration, and interference
• Recall and retrieveal from STM
• Verbal, semantic, visual codes
• Baddeleys Working Memory
• Components
• Testing the working memory model
• Neuropsychological evidence.
• Individual differences

6
Term Review

• Chapter 5 Short-term working memory
• Key Terms
• Memory Capacity Brown/Peterson technique
  Proactive interference (PI) Retroactive
  interference (RI) Release from PI Functional
  decay theory Serial position curve Recency
  effect Primacy effect Short-term memory
  Long-term memory Memory scanning Exhaustive
  search serial self-terminating search The
  phonological (articulatory) loop Semantic codes
  Mental rotation task The visuo-spatial
  sketchpad The central executive Operation span
  Pronoun reference task
• Study Questions
• Describe an experimental findings that
  demonstrates a distinction between short and long
  term memory
• Describe empirical results to support each of the
  following types of codes in STM verbal (acoustic
  ), semantic, and visual.

7
Term Review

• Chapter 6 Learning and Remembering
• Overview of Long Term Memory
• Taxonomy of long term memory
• Mnemonics and Mnemonists
• Storing Information in Episodic Memory
• Rehearsal
• Levels of Processing
• Encoding specificity
• Retrieving Information from Episodic Memory
• Encoding specificity
• Implicit /Explicit memory

8
Term Review

• Chapter 6 Learning and Remembering
• Key Terms
• Savings score Episodic memory Semantic memory
  Implicit memory Explicit memory Procedural
  memory Declarative memory Mnemonics
  Mnemonists The method of loci Synaethesia
  Encoding Storage Retrieval The van Restorff
  effect Rehearsal Maintenance rehearsal
  Elaborative rehearsal Incidental learning
  Orienting task Self-reference effect Subjective
  organization Dual coding hypothesis Law of
  disuse Accessibility Availability Tip of the
  tongue phenomenon Cued recall Encoding
  specificity hypothesis Context-dependent memory
  Retrograde amnesia Anterograde amnesia
  Repetition priming
• Study Questions
• Describe the three principles of mnemonics and
  give an example of how each serves to improve
  memory.
• Describe the levels (depth) of processing
  approach to memory
• Why would it likely be better for a student to
  write their exams in the same classroom in which
  they attend lecture? Relate Tulvings encoding
  specificity principle to this phenomenon.

9
Term Review

• Chapter 7 Knowing
• Models of Semantic Memory
• TLC
• Feature Comparison
• Spreading Activation
• The Fan Effect
• Neurophysiology I
• ERPs and the N400
• Concept formation
• Neurophysiology II
• Damasios Study
• Distributed representation
• Farah McClellands model

10
Term Review

• Chapter 7 Knowing
• Key Terms
• Sentence verification task True-false effect
  Category size effect Semantic distance
  typicality effect Semantic priming TLC
  Hierarchical organization Cognitive economy
  Feature comparison model Defining features
  Characteristic features Spreading activation
  Propositional representation The fan effect
  Evoked responses N400 Lexical decision task
  Exemplar theory Prototype theory Category-based
  representation Property-based representation
• Study Questions
• Describe four well established findings from the
  sentence verification task. Which of these
  findings are predicted by TLC and which findings
  are not handled well by TLC? Which findings can
  Feature Comparison and Spreading Activation
  handle?
• What is the N400 and why is it important?
• Compare and contrast category-based and
  property-based representation. How does this
  distinction account for the living/non-living
  dichotomy in neuropsychological studies?