Whats the Matter

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Whats the Matter?
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Matter

• Anything that has mass and takes up space
  (volume).

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Why does it matter?

• Everything in the universe is made of matter.

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4 general properties (characteristics) of matter

• 1. mass
• 2. weight
• 3. volume
• 4. density

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Mass

• The amount of matter (stuff) in an object.
• It is constant it does not change
• Gravity does not affect mass same no matter
  where you go.
• Measured in grams (g).

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Weight

• Depends of the force of gravity.
• - changes depending on where you are located
  (mountains, sea level, another planet, etc)
• - the more mass an object has, the stronger
  gravitational force that object has.
• - Force of gravity between two objects weakens
  as they get further apart.

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Weight

• Measured in Newtons (N)

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Mass and Weight Calculations

• Weight mass x g
• g 9.8m/s2 on earth
• Example
• mass of 2kg, what is the weight?
• Weight 2kg x 9.8m/s2
• Weight 19.6N

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Mass and Weight Calculations

• What if you are given weight and need to find
  mass?
• Mass weight/g
• Example
• Weight of 100N
• Mass 100N/9.8
• Mass 10.2kg

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Element

• A substance that cannot be separated or broken
  down into simpler substances by chemical means.

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Atom

• The smallest unit of an element that maintains
  the properties of that element.

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• Diamonds are made of atoms of the element carbon.
• The foil around a baked potato is made of atoms
  of the element aluminum.

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• Each element is assigned a one- or two-letter
  symbol that is used worldwide.
• Symbols for elements are always a single capital
  letter or a capital letter followed by a
  lowercase letter.
• Examples
• Carbon C Iron Fe

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Compound

• A substance made of atoms of two or more
  different elements that are chemically combined.

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• Example Nylon
• made up of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen
  atoms.

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Compounds have unique properties

• Each compound is different from the elements it
  contains.
• Example hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen occur in
  nature as colorless gases, but when they combine
  with carbon to form nylon the strands are a
  flexible solid.

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• When elements combine to make a specific
  compound, the elements always combine in the same
  proportions.
• Example iron oxide (rust) always has two atoms
  of iron for every three atoms of oxygen.

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Molecules

• The smallest unit of a substance that keeps all
  of the physical and chemical properties of that
  substance.
• Can be made of atoms of the same element or atoms
  of different elements.

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Whats the difference between a molecule and a
compound?
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• A compound is made of atoms of two or more
  different elements, but a molecule may be of the
  same elements or different elements.

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Chemical Formula

• A combination of chemical symbols and numbers to
  represent a substance.
• Number of atoms of each element is written after
  the elements symbol as a subscript.

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C12H22O11

• Table sugar

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• Numbers placed in front of the chemical formula
  show the number of molecules.

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3C12H22O11
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Pure substances and Mixtures
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Pure Substances

• A sample of matter, either a single element or a
  single compound, that has definite chemical and
  physical properties.

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Mixture

• A combination of two or more substances that are
  not chemically combined.
• Mixtures are formed by mixing pure substances.

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• Mixtures are classified by how thoroughly the
  substances mix.
• Heterogeneous mixtures form when the substances
  arent mixed uniformly and are not evenly
  distributed.
• Homogeneous mixtures are formed when the
  components are evenly distributed and the mixture
  is the same throughout.

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Properties of Matter
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Physical Properties

• Characteristics of a substance that can be
  observed without changing the identity of the
  substance.

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Examples of Physical Properties

• Color
• Shape
• Mass
• Volume
• density

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• Odor
• Texture
• Melting point
• Boiling point
• Strength
• Hardness

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• Ability to conduct heat
• 13.Ability to conduct electricity
• 14.Magnetism
• 15.State

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• Sometimes you can describe matter in terms of the
  absence of a physical property.
• Example a colorless gas

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• Physical properties sometimes help determine uses
  for substances.

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Chemical Properties

• Properties of matter that describes a substances
  ability to participate in chemical reactions.

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Examples

• Reactivity the ability of a substance to
  combine chemically with another substance.
• Flammability the ability to burn in the
  presence of oxygen.

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Important!!

• You can observe physical properties without
  changing the identity of the substance, but you
  can observe chemical properties only in
  situations in which the identity of the substance
  changes.

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Characteristic Properties

• The properties that are most useful in
  identifying a substance, such as density,
  solubility (whether or not it dissolves), and
  reactivity with acids.

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• Include both types of properties chemical and
  physical.