Ice Caps on Mars vs Earth

1
Ice Caps on Mars vs Earth

• aka CO2 vs H2O
• Baby its cold outside!

2
Polar Ice Caps
http//imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/2005/34/images/
i/formats/large_web.jpg
3
Carbon Dioxide

• Two atoms of oxygen (pictured in red) and one
  atom of carbon (pictured in black)
• This is a linear molecule and nonpolar
• Carbon Dioxide solid
• (CO2s or COC)

http//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af
/Carbon-dioxide-3D-vdW.svg
4
Water

• One atom of oxygen (pictured in red) and two
  atoms of hydrogen (pictured in black)
• Ice, Water, Water Vapor
• H2Os, l, g or H H
• O
• This is an asymmetrical molecule and polar

http//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/07/Wate
r_molecule.svg
5
Non-Polar vs. Polar
http//poole.stfx.ca/Members/poole/ice2.gif
6
Phase Change Diagrams
32 F
32 F
Pressure at sea level
Pressure at sea level
http//hypertextbook.com/physics/thermal/pressure-
temperature/
7
Air Pressure

• CO2 will phase change to liquid at about 9
  atmospheres (like being 90 feet under water)
• As a solid, it is -78.2 C, or -108.7 F (that is
  90.2 C or 140.7 F COLDER than when water
  freezes!!!

http//apollo.lsc.vsc.edu/classes/met130/notes/cha
pter1/graphics/column.free.gif
8
Comets too!

• Ingredients
• Dry Ice 1½ lb 
• Water 2 C
• Ammonia 2 T 
• Corn Syrup  ? t
• Dirt/Sand 3 T 

Photographer Matthew Bate Comet Hale-Bopp Date 9
March 1997
http//www.astro.ex.ac.uk/people/mbate/comet2.jpg
9
Our Lab Today

• I will guide you through the scientific method
  (inquiry investigation)
• Starting with
• Playing
• Getting more info about dry ice
• Asking questions
• Predict the outcome

http//whyfiles.larc.nasa.gov/text/kids/Research_R
ack/images/scientific_method01.gif
10
Our Lab Today

• Then we will
• Design our experiment
• Collect data
• Do we need to redesign?
• Analyze
• Look at your graph. Was your prediction
  supported?
• Communicate

----------- supported?
http//gigalock.com/sfiab/docs/20071210_Scientific
Method.png