Fratricide

1
Fratricide
FRATRICIDE
2
FRATRICIDE DEFINED

• DEFINITIONS
• DICTIONARY
• TRADOC

3
DICTIONARY DEFINITION
FRATRICIDE DEFINED

• One that murders or kills his own brother or
  sister or an individual having a relationship
  with him like that of a brother or sister.

4
FRATRICIDE DEFINED

• TRADOC DEFINITION
• The employment of friendly weapons and munitions
  with the intent to kill the enemy or destroy his
  equipment or facilities which results in
  unforeseen and unintentional death or injury to
  friendly personnel.

5
FRATRICIDE ISSUES

• QUESTIONS
• WHAT ARE THE CAUSES?
• WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS?
• WHAT CONTROL MEASURES CAN REDUCE FRATRICIDE?
• PRACTICAL EXERCISE

6
FRATRICIDE HISTORY

• HISTORY OF FRATRICIDE
• WORLD WAR I WORLD WAR II
• THE KOREAN WAR
• THE VIETNAM WAR
• OPERATION JUST CAUSE
• OPERATION DESERT STORM

7
FRATRICIDE HISTORY

• WORLD WAR I
• Battle of Verdun - 351st French Infantry was
  annihilated by friendly 155mm artillery
• Battle of Rossignol forest - 1st French Colonial
  Infantry was fired on by friendly artillery

8
FRATRICIDE HISTORY

• WORLD WAR II
• North Africa Campaign 1942 - 701st U.S. Tank
  Destroyer Battalion repeatedly attacked by
  friendly air strikes
• Operation Cobra 1944 - U.S. 30th Infantry
  Division attacked by friendly CAS

9
FRATRICIDE HISTORY

• VIETNAM
• Two U.S. Infantry Companies were strafed and
  bombed by two U.S. Air Force
  F-100s
• Pleiku 1969 - U.S. soldiers were fired on by a
  UH-1 helicopter

10
FRATRICIDE HISTORY

• OPERATION JUST CAUSE
• Mechanized Infantry unit came under fire from an
  Air Force AC-130 gunship

11
FRATRICIDE HISTORY

• DESERT STORM
• Two U.S. 1st Infantry Division vehicles came
  under attack by an AH-64
• A-10 strafed allied vehicle

12
FRATRICIDE HISTORY

• OPERATION PROVIDE COMFORT
• Two F-15s shot down two UH-60s over Northern Iraq
  

13
FRATRICIDE REPORTS

• RELUCTANCE TO REPORT

14
FRATRICIDE REPORTS

• RELUCTANCE TO REPORT
• Morale
• Creates mistrust with adjoining units
• Careers
• In the best interest of all

15
FRATRICIDE REPORTS

• REASONS TO REPORT

16
FRATRICIDE REPORTS

• REASONS TO REPORT
• Prevention
• Media will eventually find out
• No perception of cover up
• Makes Commander accountable

17
FRATRICIDE FACTORS

• CAUSES OF FRATRICIDE

18
FRATRICIDE FACTORS

• CAUSES OF FRATRICIDE
• LACK OF SITUATIONAL AWARENESS
• NO POSITIVE IDENTIFICATION

19
FRATRICIDE FACTORS

• CAUSES OF FRATRICIDE
• POSITIVE IDENTIFICATION
• ABSOLUTE I.D. OF FRIEND OR FOE

NOTE ABSOLUTE I.D. IS IMPOSSIBLE AT MAXIMUM
RANGES WITH SOME WEAPON SYSTEMS.
20
FRATRICIDE CAUSES

• MOST COMMON ERRORS
• LAND NAVIGATION FAILURES
• REPORTING, BATTLE TRACKING FAILURES
• DIRECT FIRE CONTROL FAILURES
• BATTLEFIELD HAZARDS
• FRIENDLY MINE FIELDS

21
FRATRICIDE CAUSES

• MOST COMMON ERRORS
• ID ERROR
• NAVIGATION
• LOSS OF FIRE CONTROL
• INEFFECTIVE MANEUVER CONTROL
• WEAPONS ERRORS
• OTHER

22
FRATRICIDE EFFECTS

• EFFECTS OF FRATRICIDE

23
FRATRICIDE EFFECTS

• EFFECTS OF FRATRICIDE
• HESITATION TO CONDUCT LIMITED VISIBILITY
  OPERATIONS
• LOSS OF CONFIDENCE
• LEADERS
• SOLDIERS

24
FRATRICIDE EFFECTS

• EFFECTS OF FRATRICIDE
• LOSS OF INITIATIVE AND AGGRESSIVENESS
• COHESION AND MORALE DEGRADED
• OVERSUPERVISION
• LOSS OF COMBAT POWER

25
FRATRICIDE PREVENTION

• COUNTER MEASURES
• TACTICAL PLAN
• TECHNIQUES
• PROCEDURES
• EQUIPMENT SOLUTIONS

26
FRATRICIDE PREVENTION

• TACTICS
• TACTICAL PLAN
• JOINT OPERATIONS TNG
• UNIT TRAINING

27
FRATRICIDE PREVENTION

• TECHNIQUES
• PROPER IDENTIFICATION
• ASCIET

28
FRATRICIDE PREVENTION

• PROCEDURES
• FIRE CONTROL PLAN
• INFORMED SOLDIERS
• REHEARSALS
• ACCURATELY TRACK THE BATTLE
• ADJACENT UNIT COORDINATION

29
FRATRICIDE PREVENTION

• PROCEDURES
• RECONNAISSANCE
• COORDINATE ALL FIRE SUPPORT ASSETS
• ESTABLISH LIAISON TEAMS
• TRAINING LITERATURE DEVICES

30
FRATRICIDE PREVENTION

• EQUIPMENT CONTROL MEASURES
• LOW TECH
• Battle Boards
• VS-17 Panels
• Reverse polarity Panels
• HIGH TECH
• FBCB2
• IFF Transponders for Combat vehicles

31
Practical Exercise
FRATRICIDE
32
FRATRICIDE EXERCISE

• GROUP ACTIVITY
• IDENTIFY THE HAZARDS IN THIS SCENARIO
• DEVELOP COUNTERMEASURES TO MITIGATE THESE HAZARDS
• REPORT ON YOUR RESULTS
• NOTE Use METT-T as the outline for ID of Hazards
  and list of Countermeasures

33
FRATRICIDE EXERCISE

• TASK FORCE IRON a case study in fratricide

34
FRATRICIDE EXERCISE

• GENERAL SITUATION
• MISSION - Probe enemy positions for location
  strength
• ENEMY - Mechanized Infantry with Russian (Soviet)
  style weaponry
• TERRAIN
• Desert with moderate dunes
• Wind 090/25k, no moon, dust, 2350 hrs
• TROOPS EQUIPMENT
• Mechanized Infantry, well-trained, rested troops
• AH-64 team (3 AH-64s)
• Fully functional equipment in two aircraft,
  navigation system failure in third
• Authoritarian command climate in AH-64 Team

35
FRATRICIDE EXERCISE

• GENERAL SITUATION
• TROOPS EQUIPMENT (cont)
• Pressure from higher level of command
• Ground troops out of position
• Loss of communication with attachments (ground)
• TIME - Inadequate tactical planning time
  available, one crew well out of fighter
  management cycle.

36
TASK FORCE IRON
NORTH
SCREEN LINE
AH-64 APACHE
MECH INF TASK FORCE
3 MILES
WINDS
IRAQ
KUWAIT
37
FRATRICIDE EXERCISE

• MISSION HAZARDS
• Commanders intent unclear or complex vehicles
  stationed with random spacing and orientation
• Poor flank coordination right flank coordinates
  not known by Commander
• Two vehicles out of position but not reported.
• Poor communication procedures initial AH-64
  salvo did not prompt cease fire request from
  vehicles

38
FRATRICIDE EXERCISE

• ENEMY HAZARDS
• Weak reconnaissance of enemy positions and
  composition
• Weak intelligence friendly scouts provided
  incorrect coordinates to Commander

39
FRATRICIDE EXERCISE

• TERRAIN HAZARDS
• Navigation difficult lack of uniquely
  identifying terrain features
• Night although not inherently a hazard,
  justifies further caution and target verification
• Dusty due to high winds.

40
FRATRICIDE EXERCISE

• TROOPS EQUIPMENT HAZARDS
• Anxiety and confusion over vague mission
  parameters
• Lack of trust/confidence in on-board instruments
  (AH-64)
• Fighter management (tired crews make mistakes)
• Command pressure

41
FRATRICIDE EXERCISE

• TIME HAZARDS
• Gunfighter 6 backseat pilot urging quick shoot
  ...Lets get it over with and go home
• Task Force Cdr also urged quick shoot ...Can you
  engage targets? Then, take em out

42
FRATRICIDE EXERCISE

• Countermeasures
• Tactical Plan
• Simplify Tactical Plan
• Maintain Situational Awareness
• Procedures
• Verify target coordinates
• Inform Soldiers

43
FRATRICIDE EXERCISE

• Countermeasures
• Equipment Solutions
• Global Positioning System
• Identify Friend or Foe (IFF) Transponders
• Unique Vehicular Markings
• FBCB2

44
FRATRICIDE SUMMARY

• SUMMARY
• DEFINITION
• HISTORY
• CAUSES
• EFFECTS
• REDUCTION MEASURES

45

• HOW DO WE STOP
  FRATRICIDE?

46

• RISK MANAGEMENT

47
FRATRICIDE

• What Questions do you have?