Airside expansion planning for commercial airports Comparison of the use of the FTSTools SIMMODPlus

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• Airside expansion planning for commercial
  airportsComparison of the use of the
  FTS-ToolsSIMMODPlus! andThe Airport
  Machinethrough systems engineering technique

Karl-Heinz Keller, Technical University Berlin,
keller_at_zmms.tu-berlin.de
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Participants
Introduction Participants Assignment Content Simul
ation Study Description Airport Machine
Description SIMMOD UA Use Case Findings of
the UA Example 3D-Animation

• interdisciplinary composition of
• Institut of Flight guidance and
  ControlAeronautics Inst., Technical University
  Berlin
• center of human-maschine-systems (ZMMS) Technical
  University Berlin
• Department of Air TransportationInstitute of
  Flight Guidance, DLR
• Airport Expansion Program RD FRAPORT AG
• Sponsor Airport Frankfurt Main Foundation

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Assignment
Introduction Participants Assignment Content Simul
ation Study Description Airport Machine
Description SIMMOD UA Use Case Findings of
the UA Example 3D-Animation

• analysing the usefulness and usability of
  FTS-Tools The Airport Machine (AM) and
  SimmodPlus! (SP) through systems engineering
  methods
• implementation of a simulation study in SP for
  the expanded infrastructure of FRAPORT for 2015
  lean against an existing AM study extended with
  the SID and STAR structure inside the TMA

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Content
Introduction Participants Assignment Content Simul
ation Study Description Airport Machine
Description SIMMOD UA Use Case Findings of
the UA Example 3D-Animation

• Building up a Simulation Study
• Description of The Airport Machine and
  SIMMODPlus!
• Utility analysis (UA) Use case Software
  evaluation
• Findings of the UA
• Example Presentation of Simulation Study Output
  through State of the Art 3D-Animation

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The Modelling Process
Introduction Participants Assignment Content Simul
ation Study Description Airport Machine
Description SIMMOD UA Use Case Findings of
the UA Example 3D-Animation
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Phases of a Simulation Study
Introduction Participants Assignment Content Simul
ation Study Description Airport Machine
Description SIMMOD UA Use Case Findings of
the UA Example 3D-Animation
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Simulation Environment

• Study for FRAPORT AG
• Four Runways
• Arr-Rwy 25N 25L, Dep-Rwy 25R 18
• Schedule
• typical peak traffic day for 2015 with 1.950
  movements
• wavy demand from 500 a.m. to 1100 p.m.
• A/C-Mix HVY 37 , MED 62 , Light 1
• A/C grouping
• 3 air A/C groups (HVY,MED, Light)
• 4 ground A/C groups (HVY, LRG, SML, GA/Biz)

Introduction Participants Assignment Content Simul
ation Study Description Airport Machine
Description SIMMOD UA Use Case Findings of
the UA Example 3D-Animation
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Airfield Scenario

• north-west landing Rwy 25N exits
• structures
• - Terminal 3
• X-Satellite
• - Apron at
• Pier A
• - CargoCity South
• - additional taxiways

Introduction Participants Assignment Content Simul
ation Study Description Airport Machine
Description SIMMOD UA Use Case Findings of
the UA Example 3D-Animation
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TMA Scenario (Arr/Dep)

• 4 initial approach fixes (IAF) / STARs
• metering nodes, diversion routes

Introduction Participants Assignment Content Simul
ation Study Description Airport Machine
Description SIMMOD UA Use Case Findings of
the UA Example 3D-Animation

• 15 SIDs
• speed categories
• hights

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SIMMODPlus! vs. Airport Machine
Introduction Participants Assignment Content Simul
ation Study Description Airport Machine
Description SIMMOD UA Use Case Findings of
the UA Example 3D-Animation

• Granularity
• Usability
• Learnability
• Reporting / Animation

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Both FTS-Tools...

• ...simulating traffic for decision support,
  planning, design and analysisof airport airside
  operations
• examples of use feasibility studies / capacity
  analysis /
• Airport- and Airspace layout
• ATC and GroundOps procedures
• Schedule analysis...
• track down individual A/C as they move in a
  network of links and nodes
• Discrete-Event Simulations
• PC-based (OS MS-Windows)

Introduction Participants Assignment Content Simul
ation Study Description Airport Machine
Description SIMMOD UA Use Case Findings of
the UA Example 3D-Animation
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The Airport Machine...

• ... deals with
• airside ground-traffic of one airport
• simple airspace structure
• graphic representation of the simulation
  experiment, animation on-line during the
  simulation run
• interactive modes, allowing human operators to
  guide and control A/C by using a mouse pointing
  device
• output of results through graphical- and ASCII
  reports
• Development Sales Aviation Simulations
  International, Inc.

Introduction Participants Assignment Content Simul
ation Study Description Airport Machine
Description SIMMOD UA Use Case Findings of
the UA Example 3D-Animation
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AM feature - interactive options
Introduction Participants Assignment Content Simul
ation Study Description Airport Machine
Description SIMMOD UA Use Case Findings of
the UA Example 3D-Animation

• Route Selection

• Assign Gate and Select PenaltyBox

• Pushback Clearance / Gate Hold

• Assign Landing Rwy / Departure Rwy

• Departure queue selection (DptSelect)

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AM feature - output
Introduction Participants Assignment Content Simul
ation Study Description Airport Machine
Description SIMMOD UA Use Case Findings of
the UA Example 3D-Animation

• output files
• log-files
• statistical report
• graphical report

2D or 3D animation
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AM - Simulation built up...

• building up and editing of simulation input data
  mainly through ASCII-Editors
• restricted manipulation of simulation input data
  through the GUI
• GUI useful during draw up of a simulation study
  for verification of the ground structure
• automatic generation of routings (shortest way)
  through AM, manual adjustment possible
• Pre-Processing check of input data for
  consistency

Introduction Participants Assignment Content Simul
ation Study Description Airport Machine
Description SIMMOD UA Use Case Findings of
the UA Example 3D-Animation
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SIMMODPlus!...

• ...deals with
• complex airspace structure
• airside ground traffic at airports
• sufficient presentation of outcomes through
  various report functions and 2D-animation
• no interactive mode during a simulation run
• Development Sales ATAC Inc.

Introduction Participants Assignment Content Simul
ation Study Description Airport Machine
Description SIMMOD UA Use Case Findings of
the UA Example 3D-Animation
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SP feature - Animator tools...

• ...are part of the animator application

Introduction Participants Assignment Content Simul
ation Study Description Airport Machine
Description SIMMOD UA Use Case Findings of
the UA Example 3D-Animation
-Aircraft Activity information about A/C
-Node Activity list of A/Cs over a node
-Delay Pie Chart amount of delay at a node
-Aircraft Monitor distances between A/C NM
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SP - Simulation built up...

• edit ASCII Flat Files

Introduction Participants Assignment Content Simul
ation Study Description Airport Machine
Description SIMMOD UA Use Case Findings of
the UA Example 3D-Animation

• dBaseIV files through the Network Builder

• - Expert Edit

- Edit Tables

• - Tools

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Utility Analysis I
Introduction Participants Assignment Content Simul
ation Study Description Airport Machine
Description SIMMOD UA Use Case Findings of
the UA Example 3D-Animation

• is a decision analysis tool
• to treat multi-objective problems
• yields quantitative measure via analytic
  transformation
• replicates decision-making process
• takes explicit consideration of decision-maker
  preferences
• ...is an assessment method to rank order
  alternatives on basis of a multidimensional
  system of goals and the preferences of the
  decision maker /Timpe95/

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Utility Analysis II
Introduction Participants Assignment Content Simul
ation Study Description Airport Machine
Description SIMMOD UA Use Case Findings of
the UA Example 3D-Animation

• four steps
• identification and definition of a system of
  goals literature , questionnaire, own
  experiences
• weighting of goals and criteria for every group
  of criteria or goals on the same level after
  preferences of decision makers
• determination of utility function and the
  belonging goals yield of SP and AM
• value synthesis and interpretation of the
  findings
• UA qualified as decision supporting tool for
  software-evaluation!

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System of Goals

• Overall goal
• Comparison of SP and AM as a decision supporting
  tool for airside expansion planning and system
  optimisation in terms of granularity, usability,
  learnability and the presentation of simulation
  outcome
• Z 1 modelling elements / -attributes
• Z 2 usability / learnability
• Z 3 general users interface / user interaction
• Z 4 presentation of output
• Z 5 communication / interfaces
• Z 6 costs / after-sales service
• Z 7 market penetration / user group

Introduction Participants Assignment Content Simul
ation Study Description Airport Machine
Description SIMMOD UA Use Case Findings of
the UA Example 3D-Animation
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Criteria Operationalisation

• The criteria form the lowest level of the
  vertical order of a means-end relationship within
  the goals system, they form the leaves of the
  goal tree
• The precise operationalisation and definition of
  the criteria is essential for getting a common
  evaluation basis. This will give the rater a
  precise idea of the characteristics of the
  criteria.
• the precise operationalisation and definition of
  criteria and the definition of the utility
  function objectifies the whole process
• A utility function is a mapping of a
  multi-dimensional attribute space into a single
  dimensioned preference space

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Weighted Goal System Z 1-3
hierarchical structured system of 7 main goals,
27 sub goals, 105 criteria
Introduction Participants Assignment Content Simul
ation Study Description Airport Machine
Description SIMMOD UA Use Case Findings of
the UA Example 3D-Animation
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Weighted Goal System Z 4-7
Introduction Participants Assignment Content Simul
ation Study Description Airport Machine
Description SIMMOD UA Use Case Findings of
the UA Example 3D-Animation
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Results for Main Goals
Introduction Participants Assignment Content Simul
ation Study Description Airport Machine
Description SIMMOD UA Use Case Findings of
the UA Example 3D-Animation
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Results for Goals Z1 Z2
Introduction Participants Assignment Content Simul
ation Study Description Airport Machine
Description SIMMOD UA Use Case Findings of
the UA Example 3D-Animation
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Results for Goals Z3 - Z7
Introduction Participants Assignment Content Simul
ation Study Description Airport Machine
Description SIMMOD UA Use Case Findings of
the UA Example 3D-Animation
user group
purchase
processed data
comfortable operation
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Sensitivity Analysis

• weighting the system of goals through different
  user preferences for expert, average and novice
  users

Introduction Participants Assignment Content Simul
ation Study Description Airport Machine
Description SIMMOD UA Use Case Findings of
the UA Example 3D-Animation
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Summary UA

• According to the overall goal
• SIMMODPlus! achieved a higher UA-value then The
  Airport Machine
• SIMMODPlus! has for this use case, compared to
  The Airport Machine more suitable functions and
  features
• to realize a simulation scenario
• to prepare simulation data
• more suitable user supporting options to draw up
  a study
• The Airport Machine has for this use case
• the more suitable GUI
• a better structured user guidance better
  interaction options / -capabilities

Introduction Participants Assignment Content Simul
ation Study Description Airport Machine
Description SIMMOD UA Use Case Findings of
the UA Example 3D-Animation
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Animation

• supports model validation / verification
• function and logic of the simulation experiment
  will be evaluated
• visual identification of bottlenecks
• important means of communication
• between simulation- and operations experts
• illustrative presentation of simulation findings
  for decision-makers and/or non-experts

Introduction Participants Assignment Content Simul
ation Study Description Airport Machine
Description SIMMOD UA Use Case Findings of
the UA Example 3D-Animation
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Advantages of 3D-Animation
Introduction Participants Assignment Content Simul
ation Study Description Airport Machine
Description SIMMOD UA Use Case Findings of
the UA Example 3D-Animation

• realistic sightlines from static (tower) and
  moving (cockpit) positions
• crew familiarisation before completion of
  structures / buildings
• visualisation of safety areas (protection zones)
• dynamic representation of noise contours
• safety analysis / -studies
• visualisation of jet blast sphere of activity
• communication gains opposite 2D-animation
  through higher degree of recognizing

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3D-Animation by CyViation Animator
Introduction Participants Assignment Content Simul
ation Study Description Airport Machine
Description SIMMOD UA Use Case Findings of
the UA Example 3D-Animation

• exemplary for the SP data of FRAPORT through
  CyViation 3D Animator
• extended with existing and projected ground
  facilities

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CyViation Animator
Introduction Participants Assignment Content Simul
ation Study Description Airport Machine
Description SIMMOD UA Use Case Findings of
the UA Example 3D-Animation
Screenshots of the animation
http//www.airportvisions.com
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• Thank You !
• Questions / Remarks ?