Water Quality and GIS: An Overview of Current Technology

1
Water Quality and GISAn Overview of Current
Technology

• Ferdi Hellweger
• HydroQual
• NEWEA 2000

2
Talk Outline

• GIS Databases with WQ Info
• GIS-Based WQ Models

3
Rivers/Streams

• National Databases
• Reach File, Version 1 (RF1)
• Reach File, Version 3 (RF3)
• National Hydrography Database (NHD)
• From Digital Elevation Model (DEM)

4
EPAs Reach File, Version 1 (RF1)
5
RF1
RF3
NHD

• 1100K USGS Maps
• No Transport Lines
• No Attributes

• 1100K USGS Maps
• Transport Lines
• Some Attributes
• (e.g. Stream Order)

• 1500K NOAA Charts
• Transport Lines
• WQ Attributes
• (e.g. Mean Flow)

6
RF1 vs. RF3
7
Stream Delineation Using Digital Elevation
Model (DEM)
Source Hellweger and Maidment (1997)
8
Watersheds

• National Databases
• Hydrologic Unit Codes (HUC)
• From Digital Elevation Model (DEM)

9
USGS Hydrologic Unit Codes (HUC)
2 Digit HUCs
10
6 8 Digit HUCs
11
Watershed Delineation Using Digital Elevation
Model (DEM)
EXPOCURV
AGREE (Hellweger and Maidment, 1997)
Source Saunders (1999)
12
RF3 vs. HUC
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Water Quality Data

• STORET ASCII
• BASINS GIS
• 1. Data Summary for All Stations
• 2. Actual Data for Some Stations

SUBSET
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21WIS 603316 434720.0 0875520.0
920820 1230 0 _at_ _at_
412_at_ 17_at_ _at_ _at_
_at_ 21WIS 603316 434720.0
0875520.0 920827 0930 0 _at_
_at_ 10K 2K _at_
_at_ _at_ 21WIS 603316
434720.0 0875520.0 920907 1445 0
_at_ _at_ 402_at_ 6_at_
_at_ _at_ _at_ 21WIS 603316
434720.0 0875520.0 920914 1335 0
_at_ _at_ 298_at_ 39_at_
_at_ _at_ _at_ 21WIS 603316
434720.0 0875520.0 920914 1935 0
_at_ _at_ 438_at_ 71_at_
_at_ _at_ _at_ 21WIS 603316
434720.0 0875520.0 920916 1405 0
_at_ _at_ 540_at_ 134_at_
_at_ _at_ _at_ 21WIS 603316
434720.0 0875520.0 920916 2005
0 _at_ _at_ 576_at_ 120_at_
_at_ _at_ _at_ 21WIS 603316
434720.0 0875520.0 920917 0205
0 _at_ _at_ 494_at_ 56_at_
_at_ _at_ _at_ 21WIS 603316
434720.0 0875520.0 920917 0805
0 _at_ _at_ 464_at_
48_at_ _at_ _at_ _at_ 21WIS
603316 434720.0 0875520.0 920918
0205 0 _at_ _at_
432_at_ 27_at_ _at_ _at_
_at_ 21WIS 603316 434720.0
0875520.0 920918 0455 0 _at_
_at_ 384_at_ 45_at_ _at_
_at_ _at_ 21WIS 603316
434720.0 0875520.0 920918 0540 0
_at_ _at_ 634_at_ 280_at_
_at_ _at_ _at_ 21WIS 603316
434720.0 0875520.0 920918 1140 0
_at_ _at_ 532_at_ 148_at_
_at_ _at_ _at_ 21WIS 603316
434720.0 0875520.0 920918 1740 0
_at_ _at_ 470_at_ 55_at_
_at_ _at_ _at_ 21WIS 603316
434720.0 0875520.0 920919 1140 0
_at_ _at_ 434_at_ 27_at_
_at_ _at_ _at_ 21WIS 603316
434720.0 0875520.0 920919 2345
0 _at_ _at_ 428_at_ 24_at_
_at_ _at_ _at_ 21WIS 603316
434720.0 0875520.0 920920 1015
0 _at_ _at_ 356_at_ 19_at_
_at_ _at_ _at_ 21WIS 603316
434720.0 0875520.0 920920 1230
0 _at_ _at_ 406_at_
13_at_ _at_ _at_ _at_ 21WIS
603316 434720.0 0875520.0 920927
1010 0 _at_ _at_
10_at_ 4_at_ _at_ _at_
_at_ 21WIS 603316 434720.0
0875520.0 920927 1320 0 _at_
_at_ 256_at_ 13_at_ _at_
_at_ _at_ 21WIS 603316
434720.0 0875520.0 920927 1345 0
_at_ _at_ 10K 2_at_
_at_ _at_ _at_ 21WIS 603316
434720.0 0875520.0 920927 1920 0
_at_ _at_ 432_at_ 19_at_
_at_ _at_ _at_ 21WIS 603316
434720.0 0875520.0 920928 0720 0
_at_ _at_ 432_at_ 30_at_
_at_ _at_ _at_ 21WIS 603316
434720.0 0875520.0 921004 1120 0
_at_ _at_ 402_at_ 4_at_
_at_ _at_ _at_ 21WIS 603316
434720.0 0875520.0 921018 1300
0 _at_ _at_ 408_at_ 2_at_
_at_ _at_ _at_ 21WIS 603316
434720.0 0875520.0 921031 0945
0 _at_ _at_ 404_at_ 4_at_
_at_ _at_ _at_ 21WIS 603316
434720.0 0875520.0 921101 2125
0 _at_ _at_ 492_at_
85_at_ _at_ _at_ _at_ 21WIS
603316 434720.0 0875520.0 921102
0105 0 _at_ _at_
514_at_ 133_at_ _at_ _at_
_at_ 21WIS 603316 434720.0
0875520.0 921103 0040 0 _at_
_at_ 458_at_ 35_at_ _at_
_at_ _at_ 21WIS 603316
434720.0 0875520.0 921103 1240 0
_at_ _at_ 452_at_ 17_at_
_at_ _at_ _at_ 21WIS 603316
434720.0 0875520.0 921103 1400 0
_at_ _at_ _at_ _at_
_at_ _at_ _at_ 21WIS 603316
434720.0 0875520.0 921104 0640 0
_at_ _at_ 448_at_ 17_at_
_at_ _at_ _at_ 21WIS 603316
434720.0 0875520.0 921105 1840 0
_at_ _at_ 438_at_ 11_at_
_at_ _at_ _at_ 21WIS 603316
434720.0 0875520.0 921107 0825
0 _at_ _at_ 434_at_ 6_at_
_at_ _at_ _at_ 21WIS 603316
434720.0 0875520.0 921108 1430
0 _at_ _at_ 436_at_ 6_at_
_at_ _at_ _at_ 21WIS 603316
434720.0 0875520.0 921109 0230
0 _at_ _at_ 440_at_
11_at_ _at_ _at_ _at_ 21WIS
603316 434720.0 0875520.0 921109
1430 0 _at_ _at_
460_at_ 12_at_ _at_ _at_
_at_ 21WIS 603316 434720.0
0875520.0 921112 0335 0 _at_
_at_ 446_at_ 16_at_ _at_
_at_ _at_ 21WIS 603316
434720.0 0875520.0 921112 0935 0
_at_ _at_ 456_at_ 25_at_
_at_ _at_ _at_ 21WIS 603316
434720.0 0875520.0 921113 1535 0
_at_ _at_ 456_at_ 11_at_
_at_ _at_ _at_ 21WIS 603316
434720.0 0875520.0 921114 1535 0
_at_ _at_ 454_at_ 18_at_
_at_ _at_ _at_ 21WIS 603316
434720.0 0875520.0 921115 1500 0
_at_ _at_ 446_at_ 9_at_
_at_ _at_ _at_ 21WIS 603316
434720.0 0875520.0 921115 1530
0 _at_ _at_ 10K 2K
_at_ _at_ _at_ 21WIS 603316
434720.0 0875520.0 921119 0330
0 _at_ _at_ 432_at_ 8_at_
_at_ _at_ _at_ 21WIS 603316
434720.0 0875520.0 921120 0650
0 _at_ _at_ 452_at_
27_at_ _at_ _at_ _at_ 21WIS
603316 434720.0 0875520.0 921120
1250 0 _at_ _at_
508_at_ 72_at_ _at_ _at_
_at_ 21WIS 603316 434720.0
0875520.0 921120 1850 0 _at_
_at_ 500_at_ 81_at_ _at_
_at_ _at_ 21WIS 603316
434720.0 0875520.0 921121 0050 0
_at_ _at_ 548_at_ 118_at_
_at_ _at_ _at_ 21WIS 603316
434720.0 0875520.0 921121 1630 0
_at_ _at_ 482_at_ 98_at_
_at_ _at_ _at_ 21WIS 603316
434720.0 0875520.0 921122 0430 0
_at_ _at_ 466_at_ 61_at_
_at_ _at_ _at_
STORET
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(No Transcript)
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Point Sources PCS/NPDES
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GIS-Based WQ Models

• BASINS
• MARS
• SWMOD
• BALANCE
• ...

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BASINS (EPA)

• Comes with Large Database
• ArcView GIS Interface
• QUAL2E, HSPF, TOXIROUTE
• For TMDL Development

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BASINS Data

• Environmental Monitoring Data
• Water quality monitoring station summaries
• Water quality observation data
• Bacteria monitoring station summaries
• Weather station sites
• USGS gaging stations
• Fish and wildlife advisories
• National sediment inventory (NSI)
• Shellfish classified areas
• Clean Water Needs Survey
• Point Source Data
• Permit Compliance System (PCS) sites and
  computed loadings
• Industrial Facilities Discharge (IFD) sites
• Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) sites
• Superfund National Priority List (NPL) sites
• Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
  sites
• Mineral Industry Locations

• Spatially Distributed Data
• Land use/land cover
• Urbanized areas
• Populated place locations
• Reach File, version 1 (RF1) and RF3 Alpha
• Soils (STATSGO)
• Elevation (DEM)
• Major roads
• USGS hydrologic unit boundaries (accounting
  unit, cataloging unit)
• Drinking water supply sites
• Dam sites
• EPA regional, state, and county boundaries
• Federal and Indian Lands
• Ecoregions

SourceUS EPA, BASINS 2.0 Fact Sheet, BASINS Web
Page, 2000
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SourceUS EPA, BASINS 2.0 Fact Sheet, BASINS Web
Page, 2000
21
MARS (EPRI)

• 2-D
• Time-Variable
• Windows GUI w/GIS Capabilities
• Hydrodynamic, Sediment Transport and Toxic
  Chemical Fate Transport
• For Contaminated Sediments

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Source Garland et al. (1999)
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Source Garland et al. (1999)
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SWMOD (HydroQual)

• 1-D
• Steady-State
• ArcView GIS Interface
• WASTOX
• For Metal Discharges from Mining

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SourceHellweger et al. (1999)
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BALANCE (UT Austin)

• 2-D
• Time-Variable
• ArcView GIS Interface
• Computations done in Avenue
• For Simple Mass Balance Computations

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SourceHellweger and Maidment (1997)
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Summary

• Many national GIS databases with WQ related
  information available
• Several WQ models using GIS databases software

Questions?
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Appendix URLs

• www.epa.gov
• www.usgs.gov
• www.epa.gov/ost/BASINS
• www.ce.utexas.edu/prof/maidment
• www.hydroqual.com