Coalition on Drift Minimization

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CoAAA Convention
Robert E. Wolf Extension Specialist Application
Technology
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NAAA Membership

• Programs designed to help your application
  business
• Strong presence in WDC (fuel tax)
• Media representation
• Education and Safety Training
• PAASS
• S.A.F.E.
• Leadership Training
• Pilot Mentoring
• Support Aerial Research
• Magazine
• Meeting and Trade Show

www.agaviation.org
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NAAA Convention

• Reno, NV - Dec. 4-7, 2005
• Trade Show, ASAE Papers, Workshops
• Mock Drift Trial, Banquets, CP breakfast

pp 25-29
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Operation S.A.F.E.

• Self-Regulating Application and Flight Efficiency
• Comprehensive program of education,
• Professional analysis of application, and
• Commitment to the principles outlined by the NAAA
  Board of Directors which includes
• Demonstration of responsibility to minimize the
  potential for adverse health and environmental
  effects from applying crop protection chemicals.
• Professional Applicator Analysis Clinic
• S.A.F.E. Flyin Workshop
• Swath/Pattern and droplet analysis open to all
  licensed operators or agricultural aviators
• Receive S.A.F.E. Emblem current NAAA member
• Emblem given when aircraft, pilot, and the
  operator meet S.A.F.E. guidelines

Now -Recertification credits
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DropletScan
Composite Results VMD 404 (300-500) VD (0.1)
237 (gt200) VD (0.9) 592 (lt600) GPA 2.650
Area Coverage 6.4
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Productivity
The application triangle
Off-site protection
Efficacy
balance
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Spray Droplet Management!

• Need knowledge of the product being used.
• Herbicide, Fungicide, Insecticide
• Systemic
• Contact
• Uniform coverage.
• What is the target?
• Soil
• Grass
• Broadleaf (smooth, hairy, waxy)
• Leaf orientation time of day
• Penetration into canopy

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Canopy Density- Timing a factor!

• Light more visible soil surface than vegetative
  plant surface. Plant height from 12 14 inches
  (VE to V6).
• Medium some soil surface still visible. Plant
  height from 15 22 inches (R1 to R2).
• Heavy no soil surface visible. Plant height at
  least 23 inches (R3-R8).

Light to Medium Canopy
Light Canopy
Heavy Canopy
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When does it infect?

• Biggest threat is in reproductive phase R1 R6
• Initial treatment is often at R1-R3 then every
  1421 days

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Efficacy and Drift Mitigation

• Droplet Spectrum (Range - big to small)
• Size of the Spray Droplets - Microns
• Volume Median Diameter (VMD)

Volume in droplets less than 200 microns in
size
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Drop Size
One micron (?m) 1/25,000 inch
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Definition of Drift

• Movement of spray particles and vapors
  off-target causing less effective control and
  possible injury to susceptible vegetation,
  wildlife, and people.
• Adapted from National Coalition on Drift
  Minimization 1997 as adopted from the AAPCO
  Pesticide Drift Enforcement Policy - March 1991

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Types of Drift

• Vapor Drift - associated with volatilization
  (gas, fumes)
• Particle Drift - movement of spray particles
  during or after the spray application

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Factors Affecting Drift

• Spray Characteristics
• chemical
• formulation
• drop size
• evaporation

• Equipment Application
• nozzle type
• nozzle size
• deflection angle
• nozzle pressure
• height of release

• Weather
• air movement (direction and velocity)
• temperature and humidity
• air stability/inversions
• topography

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1/2 of spray volume smaller droplets
VMD
1/2 of spray volume larger droplets
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Important Droplet Statistics
VMD (50)
Operational Area
VD0.9 (90)
VD0.1 (10)
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EPA Requested Changes Coming!?!?

• Guidance to Chemical Manufacturers
• Match the crop protection product to the target
• Adhere to label guidelines based on an industry
  standard
• ASAE S-572
• Buffer Zones or No Spray Zones
• Maximize Efficacy
• Minimize Drift

VMD
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ASAE S-572 Droplet Size Standard
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gt150
151-250
251-350
351-450
451-550
gt551
Source Crop Life July 2002
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CP Website link
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CP Website
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CP Website
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CP Website

• CD Demo of droplet size determination

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USDA Aerial Nozzle Atomization Models
The models are implemented in Microsoft Excel
computer spreadsheets and are available for
download at http//apmru.usda.gov/downloads/downl
oads.htm
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USDA Aerial Nozzle Atomization Models
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Evaluate Scenarios
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CP Swivel

• Quick change angle device
• 15 degree increments
• Flexibility to increase the angle of attack
• Influence the droplet spectrum

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Cessna 188 (CP11TT-4008 _at_40 PSI, 35 nozzles, 115
MPH)
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Cessna 188 (CP11TT-4020 _at_40 PSI, 35 nozzles, 115
MPH)
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http//www.jonesair.com.au/JARBA
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JARBA - Jones Aerial Rotating Boom Assembly

• Smart drop technology
• In-flight automatic flexibility and control
• Nozzle angle (0-90)
• Boom length (outer 50)
• Farmscan Airlink Variable Rate Controller
• Liquid and Dry systems
• Auto drop controller based on desired VMD
• Nozzle calculator
• Inputs VMD, Nozzle size, MPH,

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JARBA
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JARBA Goodland Demo
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Research Update

• Aerial and ground canopy penetration
• Electrostatic efficacy and canopy penetration
• Pulse Width Modulation efficacy- ground
• Variable Rate Application - ground

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Materials and Methods

• Soybean circle, Ingalls, KS
• August 30, 2004 (800-1000 AM)
• Design 2 x 5 (10 treatments with 3 reps each)
• Products completely randomized
• All treatments parallel to the wind
• Soybeans were 36-46 inches tall
• R6 growth stage and 90 canopy fill
• Application Conditions
• 58-70F temperature
• 77 average relative humidity
• Wind speed
• Range 5-11 mph
• Average 8.8 mph
• Direction range 170 - 210 degrees

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Materials and Methods

• AT 401W (Ingalls Aerial)
• Walters Engine Conversion
• Drop booms
• CP-09 nozzles w/30 deflection
• 3 GPA (35 nozzles)
• 2/3 - .078 and 1/3 - .125
• 1 GPA (33 nozzles) .062
• 29 psi
• Average speed 129 mph GPS measured
• Medium droplets USDA Worksheets
• Aircraft Operation S.A.F.E. calibrated
• Application Height 10-12 feet

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Materials and Methods

• 4 deposition aids
• Preference
• Preference Placement
• Interlock Preference
• Interlock Rivet
• Water used as a check
• Spray mixes containing 50 gal
• NIS (Crop Oil Concentrate) _at_ 3 ounces/acre
• Tap water
• Required amount of product or combination of
  products per label
• Application volumes
• 3 GPA
• 1 GPA

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Collection Procedure for canopy

• 1 pass
• 7 collectors evenly spaced across the swath width
• 3 kromekote papers on each collector
• placed in top, middle, and bottom of canopy 21
  papers
• 4 papers in non canopy area

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Aerial Canopy Results
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Aerial Canopy Results
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Average Coverage Across Canopy Position at 3 GPA
sum of top, middle, and bottom averaged
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Aerial Canopy Results
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Field Comparisons for Drift Reducing/Deposition
Aid Tank Mixes
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Materials and Methods

• AT 502A (Hawkeye Flying Service)
• Drop booms
• CP-09 nozzles w/5 deflection
• Combination of .078 and .125 orifice settings
• 40 psi
• 150 mph ground speed by radar
• Cessna 188 Ag Husky (Rucker Flying Service)
• Ag Tips
• CP-03 w/30 degree deflection
• Combination of .078 and .125 orifice settings
• 26 psi
• 115 mph ground speed by radar
• Aircraft calibrated for 3 GPA

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Participants in the Study
Companies
Products

• United Suppliers
• Helena Chemical
• Garrco
• Loveland
• Wilber-Ellis
• Rosens
• Precision Labs
• SanAg

• 41-A
• Formula One
• AMS 20/10
• Border EG 250
• Control
• INT VWZ
• Inplace
• Garrco Exp-3
• INT YAR
• Border XTRA 8L

• HM2005-C
• HM0226
• Liberate
• Target LC
• HM2052
• INT HLA
• HM 0230
• Valid
• Double Down
• 20 21. water

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Collection Procedure for drift
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Final Rank Horizontal _at_ 4.2 mph - AT
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Final Rank Horizontal _at_ 4.2 MPH - Cessna
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Final Rank Vertical _at_ 4.2 MPH - AT
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Final Rank Vertical _at_ 4.2 MPH - Cessna
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A.C.E. (Application Controller Extension)

-Controller -Meter -Valve
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• Variable Rate
• Based on Satellite Imagery and Prescription Maps
• Taken from Shape, mid/mif and dxf files with flow
  information
• Choose colors for varying rates
• Companies can provide imagery In-Time

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• Variable Rate Components
• Satloc M3 with AirTrac Software
• Controller System
• Optional Hydraulic or Electric Systems
• Imagery
• Satellite, Aerial or Ground-Based
• Prescription Maps based from Shape, Mid/Mif or
  dxf files

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Map Created with varying rates
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Prescription Map and As Applied Map
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Variable Rate Application

• Speed variations from 2-20 MPH
• Application rates of 5-40 GPA
• Variable area pre orifice
• Variable area spray orifice
• Optimize spray droplet size
• Maintain efficacy and minimize drift.

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For more information contact
rewolf_at_ksu.edu
Thanks!
www.bae.ksu.edu/faculty/wolf/