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Enabling Environment for Development and
Transfer of Technologies
Prof. OGUNLADE DAVIDSON Director UNFCCC Workshop
on Technology Transfer, 9-10 April, 2003
Energy Development Research CentreUniversity
of Cape Town
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Perspectives of Technology Transfer

• Motivations
• Development goals, environmental goals,
  competitive advantage
• Profits, Market share, return on investments
• Development and environmental goals
• Knowledge transfer
• Information, education
• Welfare, Utility

• Stakeholder
• Governments (national,regional, local)
• Private Sector (TNCs, MNCs, MSEs, )
• Donors (MDBs, GEF, Bilateral)
• RD, D Institutions
• Media/Public
• Consumers

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Meaning of Technology Transfer

• Broad set of processes, covering flow of
  knowledge, experience, equipment amongst
  stakeholders
• Includes technology diffusion and technology
  co-operation
• Between developed and developing countries as
  well as within/amongst each of the group of
  countries
• Includes learning to understand, choose, utilise,
  modify and replicate technology
• It includes both hard and soft technologies
  technical, managerial and business skills
• Technology transfer includes values, attitudes
  and relationships

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Different Development and Climate Change Response
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Experiences and Lessons Technology Transfer

• Lack of well defined national plan
• Difficulties in developing national needs
  assessment
• Inadequate information for technology selection
• Need to have extra effort to locate indigenous
  skills
• Improper understanding of technology transfer
  mechanisms
• Lack of installation and testing skills
• Lack of adequate standards
• Inadequate RD and D facilities
• Lack of supporting commercial environment

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Different Levels of Capacities

• Enabling environment
• Societal level
• Organisation Level
• Individual Level

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LEVELS OF CAPACITY BUILDING/DEVELOPMENT
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National Systems of Innovation

• Integration of capacity building, access to
  information and creating enabling environment
• stimulate partnerships between all relevant
  private and public stakeholders, both
  domestically as well as internationally
• provide focus for activities of GEF, MDBs and
  other international organisations
• include wide variety of activities, such as
  training, strengthening educational institutions,
  assessment of information, identification of
  solutions for removing barriers, innovative
  financing mechanisms

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Actions by Developed Countries

• Support the development agenda of developing
  countries and EITs
• Contribute and enhance the use of local
  capacities of developing countries and EITs
• Develop systems that are flexible to cope with
  conditions in developing countries
• Promote shared responsibilities with users
• Support systems of consultation
• Support long-term commitments

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Actions by Developing Countries

• Set up a development agenda
• Identify indigenous capacities
• Coordination of external resources
• Develop a system of consultation
• Develop of monitoring and evaluation

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Training of Human Resource

• Investments in well-structured programs that
  maximise resource use to achieve agreed minimum
  threshold of required manpower
• Participation in global, regional and national
  programs that are geared to concerns and interest
  of client
• Promotion of targeted learning by doing or
  experimental learning programs while improving
  attitudes and values
• Development of partnership programs with external
  institutions in three stages
• External and nation/regional centres jointly
  design, adapt, deliver and evaluate
• External centre undertake supervisory and
  monitoring activities
• External centre undertake quality control and
  updating

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Institutional Development

• Development of mechanism that reflects culture of
  technology professionalism that maximise trained
  manpower
• Development of long-term institutional linkages
  and partnerships with regional and global
  institutions with commitment to endogenous
  capacity building and performance bench-marking
• Setting up internal evaluation programs with
  rapid feedback to individuals and teams for
  performance improvement
• Development of pilot projects

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Information Energy Development Research Centre
EDRC Email ogunlade_at_energetic .uct.ac.za