Lecture 9: The ANZUS Treaty

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Lecture 9 The ANZUS Treaty

• The Treaty remains today the foundation of a
  relationship that is one of our great national
  assets. 2000 Defence White Paper
• The ANZUS Treaty provides for consultation in
  the first instance. There are no guarantees
  inherent in it. It is realistic to assume that
  the parties will continue to approach each
  situation in accordance with their respective
  national interests.
• -- Paul Dibb, 1986
• All the way with LBJ!
• -- Harold Holt, 1966
• Wherever the United States is resisting
  aggression ... then we will go Waltzing Matilda
  with you.
• -- John Gorton, 1969

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The Historical ANZUS

• Signed in San Francisco in September 1951 and
  entered into force on April 1952
• Reasons for the Treaty
• Australia
• Resurgent Japan
• For the US
• The War against Communism
• The War in Korea

The First Meeting of ANZUS Military Leaders in
1952
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The ANZUS Treaty

• Article III
• The Parties will consult together whenever in
  the opinion of any of them the territorial
  integrity, political independence or security of
  any of the Parties is threatened in the Pacific.
• Article IV
• Each Party recognises that an armed attacked in
  the Pacific Area on any of the parties would be
  dangerous to its own peace and safety and
  declares that it would act to meet the common
  danger in accordance with its constitutional
  processes

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ANZUS in Context

• The Relationship with the UK
• Other Alliances (AUS)
• UKUSA (1947)
• SEATO (1954)
• Other Alliances (US)
• NATO (1949)
• Bi-lateral Treaties
• Pacific Naval and Military Bases

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The Uses and Abuses of ANZUS

• Vietnam
• US Bases in Australia
• Article 2 In order more effectively to achieve
  the objective of this Treaty the Parties
  separately and jointly by means of continuous and
  effective self-help and mutual aid will maintain
  and develop their individual and collective
  capacity to resist armed attack.
• North West Cape
• Pine Gap
• Nurrungar
• NMD The Son of Star Wars

Pine Gap
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Crisis in ANZUS

• The Guam Doctrine
• July 1969
• Move towards Continental Defence
• Rethinking the ANZUS Treaty?
• The Withdrawal of New Zealand
• 1984-1986

Political Cartoon from NZ at the height of the
ANZUS crisis
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The Treaty Today

• 2001 The 50th Anniversary of ANZUS
• Invoking ANZUS after September 11, 2001
• Nature Vs Nurture Is the Treaty a useful
  cornerstone for Australian foreign policy?