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B26

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1. ?????? : ??.??.??????? ????????. ????????? B26. ?????????????????? ???. 4315 ... ?????????????????? Rutherford, Chadwick, ??? Ellis ??????????-?????????????????? ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: B26


1
????????????????????????? (103103) ????????? 12
???????
?????? ??.??.??????? ???????? ?????????
B26 ?????????????????? ???. 4315 email
pairote_at_sut.at.th
2
II ??????????????
1 ??????????? ????????? ???????
??.????? ?????????? ??????????
?????????????????? 2540 2 ???????????
Probability and Statistics ??????????
Schaum Outline series
3
III ???????? 1 ?????????? 1 ????? 50 ?????
2 ?????????? 1 ????? 50 ????? IV ????????????
????????? 12 ??????? 1 ????????????? 2
??????????????????????????????????? 3
?????????????????????????????????????
(?????)
4
IV ????????????????????? 12 ??????? (???)
4. ?????????????????????????????????? 5.
??????????????? 6. ???????????????????????????????
?????????? 7. ??????????????????????? 8.
???????????????????????????????? ???????????
5
????????
  • ?????????? 50 ????? ?????????
  • ?????????????????? 1-4
  • 2. ?????????? 50 ????? ????????? ??
    ????????????? 5-8

6
????? 1 ?????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????? ????????????
????????????????????????????????? A
???????????????????????????????????? 0.6 ???????
7
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????? ?????????????????? 1.
??????????????????????????? 2.
???????????????????????????????????? 3.
???????????????????????????????
8
??????? ???????????????? (random experiment)
??????? ????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????
9
???????? 1 ???????????????????????????????????
????????????
10
????????? ??????????????????????????????????????
????????? 5 ???? ??????? Z ???????????? 10 ohm
??? V ?????????????????????
11
??????????????????? Random Experiment
12
??????? ????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????? ???????????? (sample
space) ???????????????????????????????????????
??????????? (sample point)
13
???????? 2 ??????????????? 1 ??? 1 ?????
???????????? ??? S 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
14
??????????? 3 ?????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????? ????????????????????
???????????????????????? 10 ????
???????????????????????
15
?????????????????????????????? ????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????
16
??????? ????????? (Event)
??????? ??????????????????????
17
??????????? 4 ?????????????? 1
????????????????????????????????? 3
?????? ??? A ?????????????????????????? 1
??????????????????????? 3 ???? A
?????????????? 3 A 4, 5, 6
18
???????? 5 ????????
????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????? S
?????????????????? 23 8 ??????????? ???
19
(No Transcript)
20
????????? 1. ?????????????????????????????? 3
????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
????? ??????? Sample space ?????????????????
21
2. ??????? sample space ????????????????????????
2 ??? 1 ????? 3. ??????? sample space
????????????????? 1 ????????????????? 52 ??
22
????? 1. S ddd, odd, ddo, odo, dod, ood, doo,
ooo ???????? d ???????????????????????
o ??????????????????????????
23
2. ???????????????? 169 3. ???????????????? 169
24
1.1 ?????????? (Counting Principle)
1.1.1 ?????????? (Multiplication
Principle) ??????? 1 ??????????????????????? k
??????? ?????????????????????????? n1 ???? ?????
25
????????????????????? ?????????????????? n2 ????
??????????????????? ? ???????????? r
??????????????? nk ???? ??????????????????????????
??? n1n2n3 ... nk ????
26
???????? 6 ????????????? ? ???????? ? 3 ???
???????????????? ? ???????? ? 2 ???
??????????????????? ? ????????? ? ????????????
? ????????????????????????????????
27
  • ?????? ??????

?
?
?
?????????? ? ?? ? ????? 3 ???? ?????????? ? ??
? ????? 2 ???? ??????????????????? ? ?? ?
????? 2 ? 3 6 ????
28
???????? 7 ??????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????? 2 ??? ???????????????? 4 ???
????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????
29
?????? ?????????? 6 ?????             1
2 3 4 5 6 ???????? 1
?????????????? 44 ??? ???????? 2 ??????????????
43 ??? ???????? 3 ???????????? 9 ??? (??????
0) ???????? 4 ???????????? 10 ???
30
???????? 5 ???????????? 10 ??? ????????
6 ???????????? 10 ??? ???????????????????????????
??????????????????????? 44?43?9?10?10?10
17,028,000 ???? ?
31
??????????????? 1.1.1
  • ????????? 10 ?????????????? ?????????????? 4 ??
    ??????????
  • ?????????????????????? 4 ???? ????????????????
    5,000 ?????????? 5 ???????
  • ???????????????? ????????????????????????
    ??? 5.10.10.2 1,000 ?????

32
1.1.2 ??????????????????? (PERMUTATION) ?????
??????????????????? ???????????????????-?????
????????????????????????
???????????????????
33
1. ??????????????????????????????????????????????
??????? 2 ????????? k ??????????????????? n
???? k ? n ????????????????????
34
(No Transcript)
35
??????? ????????????? ??????????????? ??? k
?????
???????? 1 ????????????? n ???? ???????? 2
????????????? n-1 ????
36
???????? k ????????????? n - (k-1) ????
???????????????????? ????????????? ????????????
37
  • ???????? 8 ???????? 4 ?? ?????????? 2??
    ??????????????? ????????????????????????????
  • ????? ?) ?????????????
  • ?) ????????????

38
??????
  • ?) ??????????????????????????????
    ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ??????????????????? ?????? 4 ??
    ????????????????????? 4! ????

39
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
40
??????????? ?????????????????????????????????????
?????
41
  • ?) ?????????????????????? ?????????????????? 3 ??
    ???????????????

42
?????? ?????????????????????????? 3 ???????
???????????? 4 ?? ???????????????? 2 ????
????????? ??????? ???????????????????????????????
43
??????????????? 1.1.2
  • 1. ????? 4 ?????? 3 ?? ???????????????????????????
    ???????????????????????
  • ??????????????????
  • (?) ????????????????????? ???????????????????????
    ????????????????????? ???

44
  • 2. ?????

A(m,n) m 0,1,2,,9 ??? n
0,1.2,,5 ????
  • ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ? A (??? 675 ???)
  • (?) ??????????????????????????????????????????????
    ?????? A (??? 115 ???)

45
????? ??? 1
  • ?) ???????????????????????????????? ??????
    ???????????????????????????????????
    ?????????????????????? ??????? ??? 7 ????????? 1
    ????? (71)! ????
  • ??????????????????????????????????????????
    ?????????? 3! ????

46
???????????????????????????????????
8!3! 241,920 ???? ?)
??????????????????????? 8 ??? ?)
????????????????? ?????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????
7!(6.5.4) 604,800 ????
47
1.1.3. ???????????????????????????????????????
?????????? ???????????? n ????
??????????????? ??????????????????????????????????
???? ???
48
??????? 3
???????????? n ???? ???????? k ???? ?????????
???????????????????? ???? (
) ??????????????????? ??????????


49
????
50
???????? 9 ????????????? 3 ???? ??????????? Math
1 ???? ?????????? Stat 2 ????
????????????????????????????? ??????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
3! 6 ????
51
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????? ??? ?
???????????????????? ??? ?1, ?2
?????????????????????? 1 ??? 2
52
??????????????????????????????? S (?, ?1,
?2),(?, ?2, ?1),(?1, ?, ?2), (?1, ?2, ?),(?2,
?1, ?),(?2, ?, ?1) ?????? ?1 ?2 ?
53
??????????????? 1.1.3
1. ??????????????????????????????????????
????????? 3 ??? ???????? 4 ??? ????????? 2 ???
????????????????????????????????? ???
9!/(3!4!2!)1,260 ????
54
2. (???????????????????????????????????????????)
????????????? 3 ???? ??????????????????????????
????????? ????????????????????????????????????????
??????????? (rotation) ???????????????????????
??? (3-1)! 2 ????
55
1.2 ?????????????????????????????????
??????? (Combination)
??????? ????????????????????????????????????????
??? ????????????????
56
??????? 5
????????? k ????????????????? ??????????????
n ???? ??????????????
57
  • ???????? 9 ?????????????????? 4 ?????
  • ????????????????????? 2 ???????????? 2 ?????
  • ????????????????????? 3 ???????????? 1 ?????

58
  • ??????
  • HHTT HTTH TTHH HTHT
  • THTH THHT

59
???????? 10 ?????????????????????????????????? 7
?? ??????????????????? 3 ?? ??????????????????????
4 ???????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????? ????????? 2 ??
60
?????? ?????????????????? 2 ?? ?????
???? ????????????? 2 ???????
???? ???????????????????????????????????? 2 ??
????
61

62
???????? 11 ???????????????????????????????
7 ??? ???????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????? ??? ??????????????????????????
63
??????
???????? ?????????????????????? 3 ???
???????????????????????????????? ???
?????????????????????????????? 4 ???
???????????????????????????????? ???
64
???????? ?????????????????????? 5 ???
???????????????????????????????? ???
???????? ????????????????????? 6 ???
???????????????????????????????? ???
???????? ??????????????????????? 7 ???
????????????????????????????????? ???
65
????????????????????????????????????

66
??????????????? 1.2 1.
??????????????????????? 7 ???????????????????? 0
?????? ?????? 1 ??????
??? ????? 0 ????????? 7 ???????????????????????
??? 1 ????????
67
2. ?????????????????????????? 5 ?????????????????
52 ?? ??? 52!/(5!47!) ????
68
3. ????????????? 10 ???? ???????????????
?????? ????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????
69
?. ????????????????????????? ?.
????????????????????????????????
70
??? ?. S S S T T T I I A C
?????????????????????????
????

71
??? ?.
A
C
????????????????????????? 5 ! 120 ????
72
1.3 ?????????????????????????
????? 2 ???? 1. ??????????? (Classical
Method) 2. ?????????????????????
(Relative Frequency Approach)
73
???????????
???????
????????????????????????????
A ????????????????????????????????????? S
74
???????? 12 ???????????????????????????? 4
??????????????????????? 9 ?? ??????? 5 ?? ???????
4 ??????????????????????????? ????????????????????
??????????????? ????????????????????????????????
75
?. ??? 2 ?? ??????? 2 ?? ?. ?????????? 4 ??
?????? (?) ??? A ???????????????????? 2 ??
???? 2 ??
76
(No Transcript)
77
?????? (?) ??? B ???????????????????? 4
??
78
2. ?????????????????????????
?????????????????? Rutherford, Chadwick, ???
Ellis ??????????-????????????????????????????????
??????????????? radioactive ???????????????????
7.5 ?????? ?????????
79
????????????????? 2,608 ????? ????????????????????
???????
80
(No Transcript)
81
(No Transcript)
82
(No Transcript)
83
????????? ?????? 1.3
1. ?????????????????????? 5 ?? ???????? 52
?? (???????????????????????????????)
???????????????????????????? King 2 ?? Queen 2 ??
??? Jack 1 ??
84
2. A university warehouse has received a
shipment of 25 printers of which 15 are laser
printers and 10 are inkjet models. If 6 of these
are selected at random to be checked by a
particular technician the probability that at
least 3 of those selected are laser printers ?

85
?????? 1 ??? C ?????????????????????? ???
King 2 ?? Queen 2 ?? ??? Jack 1 ?? ???????
86
(No Transcript)
87
?????? 2 Let D3 exactly 3 of the 6 selected
are laser printers
Define D4, D5, D6 in the same way, then
88
(No Transcript)
89
1.4 ??????????????????????? (Axioms of
Probability)
??? S ???????????????? ??? E ?S ??????????????? ?
?? S ????????????????????????? E (????????????
P(E)) ??????????????????????????????
90
P1 0 ? P(E) ? 1 P2 P(S) 1 P(?)
0 P3 ??? A?B ? ???? P(A?B) P(A)
P(B)
91
  • ??????????
  • ???????????????? ?????? P3 ???mathematical
    induction ??????
  • Ai ? Aj ? ?i j ????
  • P(A1 ? A2 ? ... ? An ) P(A1) P(A2) ...
    P(An)

92
?????????? 2) ???????? A1, A2, ,An ????
Ai? Aj ? , ?i j ??? mutually exclusive
event
93
?? (???????) ????????????????
????? 1 ??? A ??????????????? ? ?? ????????????
S ???????? ??????
94
??????? ?????????
S
A
A
95
???????? 2
??? A ??? B ??????????????? ? ?????????????? S
????? P(A?B) P(A) P(B) - P(A?B)
96
???????
?????????
97
???
?
???????????????????????????????? n 3 ???????
(?????????????)
98
????? 3
??? A ??? B ??????????????????? ???????? S ???
B ? A ???? P(B) ? P(A)
99
(No Transcript)
100
???????? 17 ??????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????? ? ??????
???? (???) ????????????? ???????
75,000 .10 75,000 - 99,999 .15 100,000
- 124,999 .25 125,000 - 149,999 .35
101
???? (???) ????????????? 150,000 -
174,999 .10 ??????? 175,000 ?????? .05
102
??? A ????????????????????????? 10,000 ?. B
???????????????????????? 150,000 ?.
?????? C ???????????????????????? 100,000 ?.
??? 149,999 ?.
103
????
??????
104
??????????????? 1.4 1. ????? P(A)0.6, P(B)0.8,
??? ???? (?)
(??? 0.9) (?)
(??? 0.9-0.6 0.3) (?)
(??? 0.9-0.80.1)
105
2. Let A denote the event that the next request
for assistance related to SPSS package, and let B
be the event that the next request is for help
with SAS. Suppose that P(A) 0.30 and P(B)
0.50.
106
  • Why it is not the case that
  • P(A) P(B) 1 ?
  • b. Calculate (??? 0.70)
  • c. Calculate (??? 0.80)
  • d. Calculate (??? 0.20)

107
1.5 ???????????????????????????
(Independent Event)
??????????????????????????? ???????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????? ??????? P(AB) P(A)

108
??????????? (????????????????????) ??? A ??? B
??????????????????? ????????????? ???
???????????????????
????????
109
???????? 18 ?????????????? 1 ??? 3 ?????
????????? ????
?????? P(HHH) P(H) P(H) P(H)
(.7) (.7) (.7) .343

110
  • ????????? ?????? 1.5
  • ?????
  • ?????????? A ??? B ???????????????????????????
    ???????????
  • ??? ??? ????????

111
2. ???????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????? 1 ???????
??????????????????????????????????? 2
???????????????? 2 ??????? ???????????????????
?
112
????????????????????? 3 ?????????????????????????
? ?????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????? 0.15
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
??
113
??? 3.
Suppose that on five consecutive days an instant
winner lottery ticket is purchased and the
probability of winning is 1/5 on each day.
Assume independent
114
trials. Find the probability of a. P(WWLLL) b.
P(LWLWL) W win, L loss Ans a.
115
4. ???????????????????????? n ?????????
????????? n ???????????????????????????????? ?
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
2 ??????????????????????????????
116
???????????????????? A, B, C ?????????????????
??? ??????????????????? 1. P(A?B) P(A)
P(B) 2. P(B?C) P(B) P(C) 3. P(A?C) P(A)
P(C) 4. P(A?B?C) P(A) P(B) P(C)
117
1.6 ?????????????????????????? (Conditional Prob.)
????? P(AB) ??????? ????????????????????????????
??? A ????? B ??????? ???????????????????????????
118
???????? 19 ????????????????????? ?? 12
???? ??????????????????? 3 ????
??????????????????????? 2 ???? ???????????????
????????????????????
119
?. ????????????????????????? 1 ???? ?.
????????????????? 2 ???? ?. ??????????????????????
1 ????
120
  • ??????
  • ??? Gi ????????????????????
  • ???????? i , i 1, 2
  • Di ??????????????????????
  • ???????? i , i 1, 2

121
P(G1) 9/12 , P(D1) 3/12 P(G2G1)
8/11 P(G2D1) 9/11 P(D2G1) 3/11
P(D2D1) 2/11
122
????????? G1? D2 ??? D1?G2 ???????????????????????
?????????????? P (?????????????????????? 1
????) P(G1 ? D2) P(D1 ? G2) P(G1).
P(D2G1) P(D1). P(G2D1)

123
???????????? P(?????????????????????? 1 ????)

??? ? ??? ? ?????????????
124
???????? (??????????)
1.
2.
125
???????? 20 ?????????? 3 ???????????????? 52 ??
?????????????????????????????????????? Ace ???? 3
?? ?. ???????????????????? ?.
???????????????????????
126
?????? ??? Ai ? ??????? Ace
????????????????? i i 1, 2,
3 (?) ?????????????????????? ????????? Ai
????????????????? ???????
P(A1? A2? A3) P(A1)P(A2)P(A3)
127
?
(?) ????????????????????????? ????????? Ai
???????????????????? ???????
128
P(A1? A2? A3) P(A1)P(A2A1
)P(A3A1?A2)
?
129
????????? ?????? 1.6 1. ?????????????????????? 25
?????????????????????????? ??????????????????????
??????????????????????? 2 ???????
??????????????????????? ???????????????????????
130
??? 2. ???????????????????????? 52
?????????????? ???????????????????????????????????
?????????????? ????????????????? ????????????
??????????? ??????????????? ?????? ???
(13/52)(13/51)(13/50)(13/49)
131
1.7 Bayess Law
?????????????? (C1,.,Cn) ?? Sample space S
???????????????????????? ???????????????????????

???
132
??? A ???????????????????????????????? S
??? P(A) ? 0 ????
133
???????
134
?????? ??????????????????????????????
????????????
(Total probability)
135
Bayes Theorem
136
???????? 21 ???????????????????????????????
???? ???? 3 ???????(A, B, C) ?????????????
??????????????????????????? A, B, ??? C
????????????????????????????? 10, 5 ??? 12
???????? ?????????????????? 1 ????
???????????????????????
137
??????????? ????????????????????????????????????
???????????? C ??????????
?????? ??? D ????????????????????????????????????
??????????????? ??? P(A), P(B) ??? P(C)
????????????????????????????????????????????? A,
B,
138
??? C ???????? P(A) P(B) P(C)
1/3 P(DA) .10 P(DB)
.05 P(DC) .12
139
?????????
140
?
141
??????????????? 1.7 1. ??????????? 3 ???????
??? A, B, C ???????????????????????????? 50,
30, ??? 20 ??????????????????
??????????????????? ??????????????????????????????
?????????
142
?????????????? ??????????? ??? 3, 4 ??? 5
??????????????????????????????????????????????? 1
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
????? ???????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????? C ??? 10/37
143
2. Incidence of a rare disease. Only 1 in 1,000
adults is afflicted with a rare disease for which
a diagnostic test has been developed. The test is
such that when an individual actually has the
disease, a positive
144
result will occur 99 of the time, whereas an
individual without the disease will show a
positive test result only 2 of the time. If
randomly selected individual is tested and the
result is positive,
145
What is the probability that the individual has
the disease ? ??? To use Bayes Theorem, Let
individual has disease
individual do not have the disease
146
Bpositive test result. Then
Therefore P(B)
.00099 .01998 .02097, from which we have
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