Discovery and Settlement of the New World, 14921650

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Discovery and Settlement of the New World,
1492-1650
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In the dark of the nightAmerica today
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In the beginning

• No human beings in the Americas until 15,000 BC
• First humans crossed over land-bridge (Bering
  Strait)
• Diffused southward all the way to Cape Horn
• Sparse pop. leads to lack of large-scale societies

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Tide of Migration
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Diversity of Tribes

• Depended on environmental features
• We classify tribes according to where they lived

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Woodlands Native Americans
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Plains Native Americans
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Southwest Native Americans
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Great Societies of the South

• Aztecs
• Incas
• Mayas
• These societies developed because pop.
  accumulated in one place, this never happened in
  North America

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European Exploration

• Fueled by
• New stronger nations
• Seeking Wealth
• Nationalist Competition
• Empire building
• Religion

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3 Gs of Motivation
GOLD!!!GLORY!!!GOD!!!
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Early Leaders

• Portugal
• Prince Henry the Navigator explores coast of
  Africa
• Dias and da Gama round Africa
• Spain
• Columbus seeks western route
• Pope declares Line of Demarcation in New World

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Line of Demarcation
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Immediate Effects

• By 1550, Spain had claimed much of the interior
  of NA and almost all of SA
• Used native pop. as slave labor
• Up to 95 of native pop. dies due to smallpox
• Conquistadors
• Cortes
• Pizzaro
• De Soto

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Early English Exploration

• Northwest passage to the Orient
• Not much progress for 100 years
• Charter Companies form
• Mercantilism takes hold
• Success of state important, not citizens
• Import wealth from overseas

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Jamestown

• After Roanoke disaster, Jamestown established
  1607
• Jamestown meets disaster repeatedly in first
  years
• Order restored through discipline
• Rolfe kick-starts tobacco industry, colony grows

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Jamestown
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William Bradfords Landing
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New England

• Bradford the Puritans settle at Plymouth
• Mass. Bay Co. follows and settles over present
  day MA and NH
• Boston becomes capital of colony
• Co. becomes a govt
• Winthrop city upon a hill

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Native American Population in North America
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North America

• No cities to loot or large pop. to convert, Spain
  focuses on SA (Catholic tradition
• Other European nations fill the void in NA
  (typically Protestant
• Dutch, French, and English make claims

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Map of New World
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Map of New World
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Outcomes of Early Settlement

• Little profit for investors
• Miserable existences for inhabitants
• Conflict over land claims with natives

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Three Worlds Collide

• Eastern NA suddenly find themselves besieged by
  Europeans
• Europeans get room to grow
• Africans used as human capital by Europeans