ADJUVANT

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ADJUVANT
Antigens
Body
Protein soluble
Low immune responses
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??????????????? Adjuvant
1. ??????? soluble antigens ???? particulate
antigen
Soluble antigen
Low immune response
adjuvant

• Particulate antigen

• Increase uptake by APC

Increase immune response
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2. ??? bacteria/bacterial products/other
substances ??????????????????? immune responses
Antigen bacteria or bacterial product
Activate APC
Increase immune response
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Example of adjuvant

• Complete Freuds Adjuvant (CFA)

- Oil in water emulsion Mycobacteria (dead)
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• Incomplete Freuds Adjuvant (IFA)

- Oil in water emulsion
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• Alum (Aluminum Hydroxide)

Aluminum hydroxide gel
Adsorption of antigen
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???????????????????????????
Vaccination
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Immunotherapy
????????????????

• ???????????????????????????????????????????????

- Cancer - Infectious Disease (viral
infection) - Immunodeficiency Diseases -
Autoimmune Diseases
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Immunotherapy ??????????? 2 ???
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Non-specific immunotherapy
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Muramyl Dipeptide (MDP)
Monosaccharide extract from cell wall of
mycobacterium
??????????? BCG
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• Cytokine Therapy

- Interferon - Interelukin-2 Interleukin-4 -
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)
Virus infection AIDS Cancer
Treatment
multiple myeloma
osteosarcoma
cervical cancer
breast cancer
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• LAK therapy

Rosenberg 1987
T cells NK cells
IL2
In vitro
4-7 days
Lymphocyte-activated Killer Cells (LAK)
cytotoxic activity
Patient in vivo
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Specific Immunotherapy
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
??
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DNA immunization
Tumor cells
Isolate gene encoding tumor antigen
Pateint/healthy
Tumor antigen
plasmid
Immune responses
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Magic Bullet Therapy
Tumor specific antigen
Tumor specific antibody
(Bullet)
???????????
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3
1
2
or Chemotherapeutic drug
Immunotoxin
Toxin Ricin, Pseudomonas toxin
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Immunotherapy
?????????????????????????????????
Non-specific immunotherapy
Specific immunotherapy
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See You Next Semester