Welcome To Biology 100

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Welcome To Biology 100

• Instructor
• Gavan M. Albright, MS.

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Biology

• Etology
• Bi Life
• Ology Study (of)
• Term coined circa 1800

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Life

• Difficult to define
• Properties of living things
• Cellular organization
• Precise structural organization at all levels
• Metabolism
• Ability to take in and use energy
• Homeostasis
• maintenance of stable internal environment
• Capacity for growth and reproduction
• Heredity
• DNA based genetic system

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Cells

• All organisms composed of cells.
• Lowest level which exhibits Life.
• Single cell organisms are more general.
• Cells multicellular organisms have increased
  degree of specificity.

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DNA

• Deoxyribonucleic Acid.
• Chemical blueprint for all other molecules.
• 4 different info molecules Nucleotides.
• Specific bases pair up (chemical bonding).
• Info carried in the sequence of base pairs.
• Sequence similarity is measure of evolutionary
  relatedness.

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Biologys Basic Core Themes

• 1) Evolution
• Descent with modification
• Slow, subtle changes modify species over time
• Natural selection
• Some individuals more fit than others
• More likely to pass on genes than others
• 2) Structure Function
• Change the structure, change the function
• Hemoglobin sickle cell anemia
• Birds beaks specialized for what they eat

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Biologys Basic Core Themes

• 3) Connectedness (cooperation)
• Living things have degrees of relatedness
• Basis for hierarchical classification
• All Eukaryotes have nuclei
• Plants animals both have nuclei similar
  organelles
• All vertebrates have backbones
• Web of connections between organisms environ.
• All things affect other things
• Cooperation, coevolution, predation, etc.
• Flow of energy through the environment
• Energy ultimately comes from the sun (or heat)
• Energy is processed from one trophic level to the
  next

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Biologys Basic Core Themes

• 4) Organization (hierarchical)
• 3 Primary Domains
• Bacteria Prokaryotes (Single celled, anucleate)
• Archaea Prokaryotes
• Single celled, but evolutionary differences from
  bacteria
• Eukaria Eukaryotes (true nucleus)
• Protista Algae protozoans
• Plantae Plants
• Fungi fungus, yeasts, molds, mushrooms, etc.
• Animalia animals

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Levels of Organization

• Biochemical
• Cellular
• Tissue
• Organ
• Organ System
• Organism
• Population
• Community
• Ecosystem

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Science

• Method for understanding the world around us.
• Scientific Method
• Observations
• Questions
• Hypothesis
• Predictions
• Tests
• Results

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Theory

• Scientific Theories
• Ideas of which we are most certain
• All data to date support them
• But still have the possibility of being proved
  wrong
• 4 Unifying Biological Theories
• Cell theory
• Gene theory
• Theory of heredity
• Theory of EVOLUTION