Sensor Networks Solutions to Real Life Problems

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Sensor Networks Solutions to Real Life Problems

• Polly Huang
• NTU, EE INM
• http//cc.ee.ntu.edu.tw/phuang

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Road Map

• Background
• The Ups and Downs of Network Research
• Along came Polly
• The attitude and the topics
• Sensor networks application and design

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Background

• The Ups and Downs of
• Network Research

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Network

• Whats a network?
• Have you ever thought about it?
• Try these
• Subway network, bus network, highway network
• Postal network, telephone network, mobile phone
  network, computer network
• Human, social network

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Network, in the most fundamental sense are just

• points and lines

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The Internet, 1969
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An ISP on Internet, 1999
Credit ISIs SCAN
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Credit CAIDA
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The Significance

• Communication!!

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Communication?

• Human, social network
• People introduce you to their friends and so you
  get to know other people
• Subway network, bus network, highway network
• People can move around and meet other people in
  person (physical space)
• Postal network, telephone network, mobile phone
  network, computer network
• Information can move around and meet other people
  in the air (virtual space)

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Network Research in EECS?

• Human, social network
• Social science, psychology
• Subway network, bus network, highway network
• Mechanical, civil, etc engineering
• Telephone network, mobile phone network, computer
  network
• EE and CS network people

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The Ups and Downs

• Based on the history
• Telephone network (PSTN)
• Computer network and mobile phone network
• Internet and the G stuff (GSM/GPRS/3G)

80s
90s
00s
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This trend is about Research not Industry

• The industry curve is different!
• (usually 10 years or so behind)

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Back to Network Research

• Optical networking
• Fiber and switching
• Mobile Telephone
• Wireless media, media access, mobility
• Internet
• Protocols (TCP/IP)
• Applications (Web, P2P)

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Along came Polly
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The Attitude

• Research oriented
• Crazy fantasy idealistic people are welcome
• Innovations are results of creativity
• Think Newton
• Teamwork going
• We are already far from where the actions are
• Two are better than one (carefully picking the
  two)
• Forward looking
• Shoot for things that will be hot in the short
  term future
• So we can be the people to offer help (translated
  to big ) when the things are hot
• Think buying stocks

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How Forward Looking?
80s
90s
00s
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Internet Weather?
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Regular Weather

• Whats this?
• Weather station interprets for us
• Sunshiny
• Temp 30-34

Credit ?????
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Internet Weather

• Whats this?
• Internet Weather station interprets for us
• Connectivity stable
• 13000 nodes
• 68000 links

Credit ISI SCAN
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Internet weather

• Internet is an ecosystem
• Deeply involved in our daily lives
• Just like the atmosphere
• We have now daily weather reports to determine
  whether to dress warm
• We need in the future continuous Internet weather
  reports to determine when and how much to bit for
  the stuff we want on eBay

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Sensor Networks?
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Computer Network

• How to pass data around?
• Internet architects design IP routing to find
  paths

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Sensor(SOC) Networks

• How to pass data around?
• Sensor network architects design special routing
  algorithms to find paths

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Sensors?

• Also the biomedical sensors EMG, pulses,
  emotions, etc

camera
mic
gyro
accelerometer
pressure
GPS
thermal
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Sensor Nodes Today
MICA, 2001-2002 5.7cm X 3.18cm 4 MHz CPU 128K
ROM 512K RAM 40kbps Radio range x00 feet Sensors,
battery not included
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These sensor nodescould be the next wave
made-in-Taiwan electronics!
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The Significance of Sensor Networks

• Necessary support to the communication of sensor
  data

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But how is this Useful?
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Sensor Network Applications

• Home, Office, Medicine,
• Science Nature, Agriculture

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Intel Digital Home
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UCSB Bren School of Environmental Science and
Management

• Day-lighting controls
• Airflow controls based on CO2 level
• Operable windows control
• taking advantage of on-site ocean breezes

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Long-Term Nursing Home
Camera

• Fall detection
• Unconsciousness detection
• Vital sign monitoring
• Dietary/exercise monitoring

Orientation sensor
Pressure sensor
Accelerometers
Muscle activity
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The Channel Islands Fox
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Fancy Californian Winemaking

• Berkeley motes
• Taking temp per min
• Store highest and lowest temp per hour
• To add soil moisture and pest/disease monitors

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Yes, Useful

• Home Digital Home
• Office The Bren School
• Medicine Elder Care
• Science Nature Island Fox Restoration
• Agriculture Winemaking

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But how should it Work?
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Sensor Network Design

• Address Centric vs. Data Centric

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Communication Models

• Address centric (for example IP)
• Name the nodes
• Data disseminated by the destination address
• Data centric
• Nodes desiring data expressing interest of
  content
• Data disseminated based on the content

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Expressing Interest
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Disseminating Data
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4
4
3
2
1
2
3
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The Need to Go Data Centric

• Node addressing not scalable
• Difficulty of configuring/tracking small nodes
  scattering around
• Cost of re-configuration of nodes moving around
• Server infrastructure not efficient
• Difficulty of deployment
• DNS and search engines in sensor networks?
• The sum of maintenance traffic (energy)
• Additional delay
• Information might be outdated by the time of
  communication

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More Research Issues

• Load balancing
• Naming and forwarding
• Service differentiation

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Sensor Network Conclusion

• What more convenience can technologies bring?
• Context-aware and intelligent services anywhere
  and anytime
• We need small devices with processing, sensing,
  and communication capabilities (SOCs)
• See communication?
• We need to design all over again how to network
  these SOCs

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As I said

• Two is better than One

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Network and System Labhttp//nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw/

• People
• 1 faculty member
• Polly Huang
• 1989-1993 NTU Math (BS)
• 1994-1999 USC CS (Ph.D)
• 1999-2002 ETHZ EE (Postdoc.)
• 2002-2002 UCLA IPAM (Fellow)
• 2003- now NTU EE (Assistant Prof.)
• 10 grad students
• 3 undergrads

• Mission
• The Network and System Laboratory pursues
  research towards building robust and scalable
  communication systems
• We are generally interested in the design,
  modeling, simulation, and performance issues of
  such networked systems

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Questions?