The Triumphs of Industrialization:

1
(No Transcript)
2
The Triumphs of Industrialization
3
The Triumphs of Industrialization

• What were the causes and costs?

4
1.Captains of Industry
5
1.Captains of Industry

• Gustavus Swift

6
1.Captains of Industry

• Gustavus Swift
• The increase number of people who moved to the
  city

7
1.Captains of Industry

• Gustavus Swift
• The increase number of people who moved to the
  city
• Expansion of the Railroad network made distances
  smaller

8
1.Captains of Industry

• Gustavus Swift
• The increase number of people who moved to the
  city
• Expansion of the Railroad network made distances
  smaller
• The invention of the refrigerated rail car

9
1.Captains of Industry

• Gustavus Swift
• Thomas Alva Edison

10
Thomas Alva Edison

• Created a means of generating electricity, a
  means of storing electricity, a means of
  transporting electricity, a means of metering its
  usage, and the light bulb.

11
1.Captains of Industry

• Gustavus Swift
• Thomas Alva Edison
• Andrew Carnegie

12
Andrew Carnegie

• Some have called it careful cost analysis, others
  ruthless cost-cutting. Carnegie used the most
  modern technology in an attempt to make his
  factories as efficient as possible. Of the so
  called robber-barons Carnegie was the most
  civic-minded.

13
1.Captains of Industry

• Gustavus Swift
• Thomas Alva Edison
• Andrew Carnegie
• John Pierpont JP Morgan

14
John Pierpont JP Morgan

• Morgans contribution to industrial growth was
  his removing of the negative stigma associated
  with stock speculation and business finance.

15
2.The Spoilers
16
2.The Spoilers

• Jay Gould

17
Jay Gould

• He was in the railroad business but created no
  railroads. And he made millions.

18
2.The Spoilers

• Jay Gould
• John D. Rockefeller

19
John D. Rockefeller

• Rockefellers contribution to industrial growth
  was the business practice of monopoly.

20
John D. Rockefeller

• Rockefellers contribution to industrial growth
  was the business practice of monopoly.
• In 1870 Standard Oil Inc. of Ohio is formed

21
John D. Rockefeller

• Rockefellers contribution to industrial growth
  was the business practice of monopoly.
• In 1870 Standard Oil Inc. of Ohio is formed
• By 1872 Standard Oil controlled 25 of oil
  refining

22
John D. Rockefeller

• Rockefellers contribution to industrial growth
  was the business practice of monopoly.
• In 1870 Standard Oil Inc. of Ohio is formed
• By 1872 Standard Oil controlled 25 of oil
  refining
• By 1880 Standard Oil controlled 95 of oil
  refining

23
3.The Intellectual Foundation
24
3.The Intellectual Foundation

• The Work Ethic

25
The Work Ethic

• A residual of the colonial puritan notions that
  proclaimed the virtues of hard work, personal
  sacrifice, sobriety, and a willingness to
  sacrifice the present for some future gain

26
3.The Intellectual Foundation

• The Work Ethic
• Social Darwinism

27
3.The Intellectual Foundation

• The Work Ethic
• Social Darwinism

28
3.The Intellectual Foundation

• The Work Ethic
• Social Darwinism

29
Social Darwinism

• This was an attempt to apply the biological ideas
  of Charles Darwin to the social realm. This was
  the competition among all creatures for the
  limited means of survival. To Social Darwinists,
  competition and the survival of the fittest
  constitutes the only way to achieve progress.

30
4.The Role of Government
31
4.The Role of Government

• The Pacific Railroad Act (1862 1866)

32
The Pacific Railroad Act (1862 1866)

• The Federal government, in an attempt to
  encourage business, would pay any company to
  construct a railroad.

33
The Pacific Railroad Act (1862 1866)

• The Federal government, in an attempt to
  encourage business would pay any company to
  construct a railroad.
• 1 mile (Flat) - 18,000

34
The Pacific Railroad Act (1862 1866)

• The Federal government, in an attempt to
  encourage business would pay any company to
  construct a railroad.
• 1 mile (Flat) - 18,000
• 1 mile (Foothills) - 36,000

35
The Pacific Railroad Act (1862 1866)

• The Federal government, in an attempt to
  encourage business would pay any company to
  construct a railroad.
• 1 mile (Flat) - 18,000
• 1 mile (Foothills) - 36,000
• 1 mile (Mountains) - 48,000

36
5.The Wage Earner
37
5.The Wage Earner

• Social Mobility

38
5.The Wage Earner

• Social Mobility
• Social Mobility Ladder

39
Social Mobility Ladder

• The Theory stated that each generation sees an
  upward advancement from unskilled to skilled to
  professional.

40
5.The Wage Earner

• Social Mobility
• Social Mobility Ladder
• Working Conditions

41
5.The Wage Earner

• Social Mobility
• Social Mobility Ladder
• Working Conditions
• Silicosis

42
Silicosis

• A lung disease caused by the inhalation of rock
  dust, chemicals, and other toxic pollutants.

43
5.The Wage Earner

• Social Mobility
• Social Mobility Ladder
• Working Conditions
• Silicosis

44
6.Working Class Protest
45
6.Working Class Protest

• The Knights of Labor

46
The Knights of Labor

• Organized in 1869 by a group of Philadelphia
  tailors. Initially it operated as a secret lodge
  or fraternal order that offered its members life
  insurance, free burial plots, and other benefits.
  Chapters throughout the United States used this
  organizations for different means.

47
6.Working Class Protest

• The Knights of Labor
• Haymart Riots (1886)

48
Haymart Riots (1886)

• The Knights of Labor collapsed as a result of
  this riot. The McCormick Harvester Company, in
  Chicago locked out 1440 workers for demanding a
  wage increase and an 8 hour work day. When they
  were replaced by non-union workers, the Knights
  of Labor attached the strikebreakers.

49
6.Working Class Protest

• The Knights of Labor
• Haymart Riots (1886)
• AFL (American Federation of Labor)

50
AFL (American Federation of Labor)

• This organization concentrated its efforts on
  native-born workers in skilled crafts. As the
  name implies the AFL was a league of unions.
  Each of these unions represented workers in
  specific trades such as tailors, bakers,
  typographers, cigar makers, carpenters,
  bricklayers, etc. The AFL succeeded because they
  confined its efforts to skilled workers. They
  also succeeded because they avoided political
  activities and violent riots.

51
(No Transcript)