Applications of GPS

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Applications of GPS

• Geography 686, SP 2003

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Goals

• Brief Introduction to GPS
• Discussion of Applications of GPS
• Delivery of useful online information resources

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Introduction to GPS

• The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a
  worldwide radio-navigation system formed from a
  constellation of 24 satellites and their ground
  stations. (Trimble)
• GPS uses triangulation from satellites which
  allows objects on or near the Earths surface to
  be assigned their precise timing and location
  information (X, Y, Z, t)

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3 Segments of GPS

• Space Segment
• Satellites
• Control Segment
• a system of tracking stations located around the
  world
• User Segment
• GPS receivers and the user community

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Official Positioning Services

• Standard Positioning Service (SPS)
• Civil users worldwide use the SPS without charge
  or restrictions
• 100 meter horizontal accuracy
• 156 meter vertical accuracy
• 340 nanoseconds time accuracy (Dana)

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Official Positioning Services Cont.

• Precise Positioning Service (PPS)
• U. S. and Allied military, certain U. S.
  Government agencies, and selected civil users
• 22 meter Horizontal accuracy
• 27.7 meter vertical accuracy
• 200 nanosecond time accuracy

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Differential GPS

• A reference receiver, with known location is used
  in tandem with a roaming receiver to correct for
  errors in the satellite signals and bias that may
  be caused by atmospheric conditions
• Differential position accuracies of 1-10 meters
  are possible with DGPS based on SPS signals
• High-cost, differential equipment can achieve 1
  mm to 1 cm accuracy

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Applications of GPS

• Navigation (Main use for GPS)
• Military
• Geographic data collection
• Scientific research
• Engineering, construction, mining, surveying
• Recreation
• Natural resource and land management
• Agriculture
• Emergency response
• Business solutions
• Many Others

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Geographic Data Collection

• GPS receivers are commonly used to collect
  location information of entities in the real
  world
• Users are able to append attribute information to
  spatial objects for mapping, monitoring and other
  purposes.
• Can be done in real-time
• Example GPS used to collect location information
  of Bus stops along a street network.
• User can add information about nearest
  intersection, type of bus stop, serial numbers
  etc.
• Later they can be mapped and analyzed using
  CAC/GIS

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Geographic Data Collection Cont.

• GPS is often used as a method for Quality
  Assurance and Quality Control (QAQC) on existing
  spatial data
• Example The Franklin County Auditor GIS
• For a number of reasons, the property lines in
  this GIS system require a high degree of spatial
  accuracy
• Use GPS to add new features to their database
• Use GPS to check and correct for mistakes in
  their existing database
• http//www.franklincountyauditor.com/

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Scientific Research Applications

• Tracking the movement of
• People
• GPS Travel Survey Lexington, KY
• Animals
• migration
• Machines
• Unmanned Arial Vehicles, UAVs
• Landing the Space Shuttle
• Controlling satellites
• The Earth Itself
• Monitoring volcanoes, glaciers, coastlines, plate
  tectonics

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Emergency Response

• Case Study E911 for cellular phones
• Federal Mandate (FCC) Enhanced 911
• 1999 Established 911 as the national emergency
  number to call for cellular phones
• Required cellular phone companies to be able to
  Geo-locate all calls made in near real-time
• Allows local emergency response regardless of
  location
• Embedded GPS is one of two solutions. (The other
  is triangulation from cellular towers)
• Potential privacy rights violations
• Geo-surveillance
• Other issues

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Business Solutions

• Case Study Location Based Services (LBS)
• Companies are able to provide custom services and
  information delivery based on a a customers
  location
• GPS enabled laptop computers, PDAs and other
  mobile devices
• Emergency response
• Nearest restaurant, gas station, hospital, etc..
• Routing services
• Targeted advertisements based on location