Open notebook to new page

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• Open notebook to new page
• Title Chapter 2 Roman Empire
• Copy timeline from pp. 20-21 into notebook (only
  the top of the timeline)

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THE ROMAN EMPIRE

• CHAPTER 2.1

Civis romanus sum I am a Roman Citizen
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AUGUSTUS

• 14 A.D.
• ROMES FIRST EMPEROR
• Also known as Octavian

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THE EMPEROR

• The emperor had the power to
• Declare war
• Raise taxes
• Punish lawbreakers
• Nominate public officials
• Influence the Senate
• Lead religious festivals

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LAWS AND CITIZENSHIP

• written down
• displayed in public
• was fair treatment for all
• People valued Roman citizenship

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• paid taxes
• served in army

Roman Citizens
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• Being a citizen of the ________ Empire was highly
  valued and people remained loyal to the emperor.
• Roman citizens had to pay ________ and serve in
  the army.
• ________ was the first Roman Emperor.

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ROMAN ADVANCEMENTS
CH. 2.1

ENGINEERING
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AQUEDUCTS

• MAN-MADE CHANNELS THAT CARRIED WATER FROM
  MOUNTAINS TO CITIES

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Larger, stronger and more beautiful
Architecture
THE PANTHEON
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ROMAN ADVANCEMENTS
CH. 2.1

ENGINEERING
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AQUEDUCTS

• MAN-MADE CHANNELS THAT CARRIED WATER FROM
  MOUNTAINS TO CITIES

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Larger, stronger and more beautiful
Architecture
THE PANTHEON
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ART

• realistic portraits and statues

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PHILOSOPHY - STOICISM
Stoicism (stoh-uh-siz-uhm)A philosophy that
flourished in ancient Greece and Rome. Stoics
believed that people should strictly restrain
their emotions in order to attain happiness and
wisdom hence, they refused to demonstrate
either joy or sorrow.

• focus on living a good life
• not concerned with possessions
• concern for the city not yourself

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• ________ are man-made channels that carry water.
• Roman buildings were strong, beautiful and
  ____________.
• Roman art was very _____________.

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2.1 The spread of CHRISTIANITY

• Ancient Romans were polytheistic
• In the first century, Christianity was born.

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Such open attitude, however, was not the case for
Judaism and Christianity. Both religions
pointedly refused to honor Roman gods and to
idolize Roman emperors. As a result, the Jews and
Christians endured centuries of hardship.
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One good example would be Emperor Nero. In 64
A.D., a big fire engulfed Rome and destroyed much
of the city. Emperor Nero pinned the blame on the
Christians. Through relentless persecution, he
also allegedly killed two Christian apostles --
Saint John and Saint Peter.
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At the onset of the 4th century, Constantine
ascended the throne. He held a different view
toward Christianity and gave the religion a big
break.
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• Seven years after he seized power, in 313 A.D.,
  he and Licinius (his brother-in-law and
  co-emperor in the east) declared that both the
  Eastern and Western Roman Empires would keep a
  neutral position on all faiths.

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• Constantine the Great even commissioned the
  construction of several grand cathedrals.

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CONSTANTINE

• 1st Christian emperor
• Christianity became the official religion of the
  Roman Empire

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The major starting factor to the spread of
Christianity was Constantine. He made
Christianity the religion of Rome and built
Constantinople, the new Christian capitol of the
eastern Roman Empire.
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• But even through all this trouble, Christianity
  made progress in Rome. Constantine signed the
  Edict of Milan in 313 after assuming his position
  in 306 AD, and Christianity thrives under
  persecution.

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• The story of Constantine's conversion is a
  strange and somewhat famous one. In this story,
  Constantine and his troops see a bright cross
  with the inscription "In hoc signo vinces" which
  means "In this sign you will conquer". He also
  has a vision in which he sees Christ, who tells
  him to march against his enemies.

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• From here, with the help of a good jump-start,
  Christianity is able to spread far among the
  different colonies and empires. Of course, later
  there are evil emperors who seriously try to
  impede the Christians, but they never completely
  die away.

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THE POPE

• The most influential leader of the Christian
  church
• Bishop of Rome
• Saint Peter 1st one
• influenced Rome and it become a Christian society

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Classwork

• Put the following in chronological order on a
  timeline
• The Pope becomes the head of the Christian
  church(by 400A.D.)
• Romans try to stop the spread of Christianity
  (100s)
• Romans execute Jesus (32 A.D.)
• Constantine converts to Christianity (313 A.D.)
• Christianity becomes the official religion of the
  Roman Empire (380 A.D.)
• Jesus is born (0)

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No b/w today finish labeling your
timeline. begin filling out History of
Christianity glue into your notebook
JESUS WAS BORN
ROMANS TRIED TO STOP THE SPREAD OF CHRISTIANITY
POPE IS HEAD OF CHURCH
CHRISTIANITY IS THE OFFICIAL RELIGION OF ROMAN
EMPIRE
ROMANS EXECUTED JESUS
CONSTANTINE BECOMES CHRISTIAN
__________________________________________________
_____________________ 0 32 A.D. 100s 313
380 400 A.D.
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• _________ follow the teachings of Jesus.
• ___________ was born December 25, 0 A.D.
• Christians believe __________ is the son of God.

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CHAPTER 2.2

• The Collapse of the Western Roman Empire

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I. Size

• It had grown too large to defend and to govern

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DIOCLETIAN

• LATE 200S A.D.

• DIVIDED THE ROMAN EMPIRE HE RULED THE EASTERN
  HALF

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CONSTANTINE

• MOVED CAPITAL AND TO CONSTANTINOPLE (EASTERN
  EUROPE)
• Byzantine Empire

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II. Barbarians

• Attacked Romes borders

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HUNS

WARRIORS FROM CENTRAL ASIA WHO ATTACKED THE
GOTHS
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ATTILA THE HUN

• RULED THE HUNS
• took over Northern Italy, Greece

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GOTHS

• DESTROYED CITY OF ROME IN 410 A.D.

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VANDALS

INVADED SPAIN
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ANGLES, SAXONS JUTES

• INVADED BRITAIN

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FRANKS

• INVADED GAUL (renamed France)
• CLOVIS A CHRISTIAN FRANKISH KING MOST
  POWERFUL OF ALL GERMAN KINGS

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III. Farming

• Farmers were pulled away from farms to fight
  little food
• Romans allowed foreigners to farm for them
• These foreigners ignored the emperors

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IV. Internal problems

• Disease
• increased taxes more poor people
• corrupt officials who ignored the needs of the
  people
• Rich people left
• Schools closed

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CHAPTER 2.3 THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE

• MAIN IDEAS
• 476 A.D.THE WESTERN ROMAN EMPIRE ENDED
• 476-1453 A.D. THE EASTERN HALF PROSPERRED

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CONSTANTINOPLE

• LOCATED BETWEEN BLACK MEDITERRANEAN SEAS
• PROTECTED THE CITY
• ALLOWED FOR TRADE
• GREW WEALTHY AND POWERFUL

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JUSTINIAN

• 527 565 A.D.
• WANTED TO
• REUNITE EMPIRE,
• LAW CHURCH

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JUSTINIANS CODE

• A LEGAL SYSTEM BASED ON ROMAN AND CHRISTIAN LAWS
• GUARANTEED FAIR TREATMENT FOR ALL

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THEODORA

• JUSTINIANS WIFE
• HELPED HIM RULE
• CREATED LAWS TO AID WOMEN CHILDREN
• CREATED LAWS TO END CORRUPT GOVERNMENT
• SHE CARED DEEPLY ABOUT HER FELLOW CITIZENS

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565 A.D. JUSTINIAN DIED THE EASTERN EMPIRE BEGAN
TO DECLINE (INVASIONS FROM BARBARIANS, PERSIANS,
MUSLIMS) (Mehmed II the Conqueror) page 89
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LIFE IN THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE

• CONSTANTINOPLE
• GREEK PHILOSOPHY
• SPOKE GREEK
• THE PEOPLE STILL FELT CONNECTED TO THE ROMAN
  EMPIRE

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• TRADED WITH EUROPE, ASIA, AFRICA
• TRADE INFLUENCED THEM
• THE EMPIRE BECAME A MIXTURE OF VARIOUS CULTURES
  AND GREW APART FROM ROME

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Economy All the essential trades were in
Constantinople the city was very famous for
luxury items. Fine silk fabrics were woven here
and jewelers, goldsmiths, ivory carvers and other
craftsmen produced fine artistic works.
Architecture, painting, and glassware also
achieved high artistic quality. These object,
along with exceptionally large number of palaces,
churches, and cloisters of the city always
excited the admiration of even those visitors who
were familiar with such artistic
goods. Constantinople was the trade center of
Eastern Europe. From here, merchants sold silks
from China via the "Silk Road", wheat from Egypt,
gems from India, spices from Southeast Asia,
slaves from Western Europe, and furs from the
Viking lands. Merchants from all over the world,
Arabs, Jews, Russians, Venetians and Genoese
bought and sold their goods here.
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GOVERNMENT

• EMPERORS HAD MUCH MORE POWER
• EMPERORS WERE HEAD OF CHURCH GOVERNMENT
• VERY WEALTHY

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CHRISTIANITY

• CENTRAL TO THE LIVES OF THE BYZANTINES
• MOSAICS PICTURES MADE WITH PIECES OF STONE OR
  GLASS
• CREATED TO SHOW DEVOTION TO GOD

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HAGIA SOPHIA

• BYZANTINE EMPIRES MOST FAMOUS CHURCH

BUILT BY JUSTINIAN
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• PRIESTS TREATED DIFFERENTLY
• DIFFERENT CHURCH LEADERSHIP
• DIFFERENT PRACTICES
• EVENTUALLY, IN THE 1000S, THEY BROKE AWAY AND
  BECAME THE EASTERN ORTHODOX CHURCH

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WESTERN ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
EASTERN ORTHODOX CHURCH
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1453 A.D. THE OTTOMAN TURKS INVADED CONSTANTINO
PLE NOW IT INCLUDES THE COUNTRY TURKEY THE END
OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE