How Deaf People Communicate

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How Deaf People Communicate
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2 Schools of Thought

• MANUALISM
• Visual communication systems
• Accepts Deaf people as visual communicators

• ORALISM
• Deaf people should communicate like Hearing
  people
• Uses speech, lipreading, and amplification
• No signs, fingerspelling, or gestures permitted

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Non-language Communication

• FACIAL EXPRESSION
• Used with oralism
• Is a critical part of manualism
• Part of grammatical rules in ASL

• GESTURES
• Not a language but can convey meaning
• Used in manualism

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LIPREADING/ SPEECHREADING

• Which school of thought?
• Oralism
• What is it?
• Watch speakers face to understand language.
• Follows English word order and grammar

• PROBLEMS
• 30 of English visible on the lips
• People do not speak clearly
• Face must be well lighted and fully visible
• One must know English

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CUED SPEECH

• Which school of thought?
• Oralism
• What is it?
• 8 specific handshapes and 6 postitions on the
  face to help lipreading.
• It follows English word order

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Problems with Cued Speech
Is an Oral system Must Know English Very Few
Hearing or Deaf People Know It
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FINGERSPELLING

• Which school of thought?
• Manualism
• What is it?
• 22 handshapes
• 2 movements
• the alphabet

• Problems?
• Must be able to spell

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Rochester Method

• What is it?
• Uses speech and amplification and fingerspelling
  to help with lipreading
• Uses English language structure
• Which school of thought?
• Oralism but uses visual clues
• Problems?
• Requires intense concentration
• Must be able to spell and use English

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AMERICAN SIGN LANGUAGE

• Which school of thought?
• Manualism
• What is it?
• A separate language-completely visual
• Has own grammar and rules
• Used by most culturally Deaf people
• Not iconic
• Deaf people-created

• Problems
• Not everyone knows it
• Must accept Deaf people as Deaf
• It is not English-the dominant language

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SIGNED ENGLISH

• Which School of Thought?
• Manualism
• What is It?
• A system of signs to show English on the hands
• Follows English Language structure with all
  endings

• Problems
• Few people use it well
• Makes changes to ASL which many Deaf people do
  not like

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ARE SIGNS THE SAME EVERYWHERE ???

• A
• B

• No
• Each country has own sign language
• There are also regional signs

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What is an Interpreter?

• A person who knows 2 languages and has skills to
  assist people who only know 1 language.

• Problems
• 3rd person in conversation
• How to find?
• Cost
• May not be available in an emergency

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Technology Used to Communicate(just 2 you will
learn much more!)

• TTY (TDD)

• CLOSED CAPTIONS
• Problems with TTD?
• Special equipment
• Must read English
• Be able to type

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Writing- using paper and pencil to communicate

• Problems
• Slow
• Who carries these all the time?
• Requires strong English background

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Total Communication

• A PHILOSOPHY that allows Deaf people to
  communicate using ANY method that is comfortable
  for them- without the label of the right or
  wrong way

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Meeting Deaf PeopleTips for Communication

• Face visible and well lighted
• Make sure Deaf person is watching you
• No gum/ dont cover mouth
• Dont exaggerate mouth movements
• Use gestures/ facial expressions
• Be patient
• Be yourself