BIODIVERSITY I BIOL 1051 What are Archaea - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 29
About This Presentation
Title:

BIODIVERSITY I BIOL 1051 What are Archaea

Description:

Cell wall without peptidoglycan. histones-like proteins associated with the DNA. ... Wall black smokers, hydrothermal vents. Coccoid-shaped, Cell wall: protein. Obl. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:66
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 30
Provided by: MarcL73
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: BIODIVERSITY I BIOL 1051 What are Archaea


1
BIODIVERSITY IBIOL 1051What are Archaea?
  • Professor Marc C Lavoie
  • mlavoie_at_uwichill.edu.bb

2
(No Transcript)
3
What are Archaea?
  • 1. Archaea are prokaryotic cells.
  • 2. Archaea are unicellular.
  • 3. Archaea are microscopic.
  • 4. Archaeal forms
  • 5. Archaeal structures
  • 6. Archaeal metabolisms
  • 7. Archaeal diversity

4
What are Archaea?
  • 1. Archaea are prokaryotic cells.
  • 2. Archaea are unicellular.
  • 3. Archaea are microscopic.
  • 4. Archaeal forms
  • 5. Archaeal structures
  • 6. Archaeal metabolisms
  • 7. Archaeal diversity

5
1. Archaea are prokaryotic cells.
  • Archaea are prokaryotic cells.
  • Cytoplasmic membrane,
  • 70S ribosomes,
  • 16S r-RNA.
  • Cell wall without peptidoglycan
  • histones-like proteins associated with the DNA.
  • No true nucleus (nucleoid in the cytoplasm)
  • No organelles.

6
What are Archaea?
  • 1. Archaea are prokaryotic cells.
  • 2. Archaea are unicellular.
  • 3. Archaea are microscopic.
  • 4. Archaeal forms
  • 5. Archaeal structures
  • 6. Archaeal metabolisms
  • 7. Archaeal diversity

7
2. Archaea are unicellular.
  • As Bacteria, Archaea are unicellular.

8
What are Archaea?
  • 1. Archaea are prokaryotic cells.
  • 2. Archaea are unicellular.
  • 3. Archaea are microscopic.
  • 4. Archaeal forms
  • 5. Archaeal structures
  • 6. Archaeal metabolisms
  • 7. Archaeal diversity

9
1.3 Archaea are microscopic.
10
What are Archaea?
  • 1. Archaea are prokaryotic cells.
  • 2. Archaea are unicellular.
  • 3. Archaea are microscopic.
  • 4. Archaeal forms
  • 5. Archaeal structures
  • 6. Archaeal metabolisms
  • 7. Archaeal diversity

11
4. Archaeal forms
12
What are Archaea?
  • 1. Archaea are prokaryotic cells.
  • 2. Archaea are unicellular.
  • 3. Archaea are microscopic.
  • 4. Archaeal forms
  • 5. Archaeal structures
  • 6. Archaeal metabolisms
  • 7. Archaeal diversity

13
5. Archaeal structures
1. Cytoplasmic Membrane
14
5. Archaeal structures membrane composition
15
5. Archaeal structures
2. Cell Wall
  • Variable cell wall composition (some do not
    contain cell walls, e.g.. Thermoplasma)
  • Methanobacterium sp. glycans (sugars) peptides
  • Methanosarcina sp. non-sulfated polysaccharides
  • Halococcus sp. sulfated polysaccharides
  • Halobacterium sp.
  • negatively charged acidic amino acids
  • counteract charges of high Na in environment.
  • Cells lyses in NaCl concentrations lt 15.
  • Methanomicrobium sp. Methanococcus sp.
    exclusively made up of protein subunits.

16
5. Archaeal structures
3. Chromosome, ribosomes, RNA-Polymerase
17
What are Archaea?
  • 1. Archaea are prokaryotic cells.
  • 2. Archaea are unicellular.
  • 3. Archaea are microscopic.
  • 4. Archaeal forms
  • 5. Archaeal structures
  • 6. Archaeal metabolism diversity
  • 7. Archaeal diversity

18
8. Bacterial metabolism diversity
19
6. Archaeal metabolism diversity
  • Thermophilic Bacteria
  • Extreme thermophiles
  • survived at 350C under tremendous pressure
  • Optimal "operating temperature" is just over
    110C
  • survive anaerobically at 250C degrees !
  • These cells could have survived on a young Earth
    under conditions that are thought to be
    uninhabitable by all known life forms.

20
Pyrolobus fumarii Opt. 106C, most thermophile,
Max T 113C Unable to grow below 90C (too
cold!) Wall black smokers, hydrothermal
vents Coccoid-shaped, Cell wall protein Obl. H2
chemolithotroph Resist 121C (autoclave) 1h
21
6. Archaeal metabolism diversity
  • Methanogens
  • obligate anaerobes
  • Marine, freshwater sediments, deep soils, and
    intestinal tracts of animals.
  • H2 energy CO2 carbon source produce CH4.
  • Associated with heterotrophic eubacteria and
    protozoa.
  • Most diverse group of Archaea.
  • Extreme thermophiles, moderate thermophiles, or
    mesophiles.
  • Morphology can be cocci, rod, or spirillum

22
(No Transcript)
23
6. Archaeal metabolism diversity
  •  Halophilic Bacteria
  • Found in salt flats and evaporation ponds.
  • Color these areas pinkish-red.
  • They can't live in salt concentrations below ten
    percent!
  • Bright red carotenoid pigment protects the cells
    from intense solar radiation.
  • Bacteriorhodopsin use sunlight for energy.
  • Produce their own ATP using this pigment.
  • Directly produce ATP by chemiosmosis.

24
(No Transcript)
25
What are Archaea?
  • 1. Archaea are prokaryotic cells.
  • 2. Archaea are unicellular.
  • 3. Archaea are microscopic.
  • 4. Archaeal forms
  • 5. Archaeal structures
  • 6. Archaeal metabolisms
  • 7. Archaeal diversity

26
(No Transcript)
27
What are Archaea?
  • REFERENCE
  • MADIGAN, MT, MARTINKO, JM, PARKER, J. Brock
    Biology of Microorganisms, 10th ed, 2003,
    PRENTICE HALL, p. 445-498.
  • PURVES, WK, SADAVA, D, ORIANS, GH, HELLER, HC.
    Life, The Science of Biology, 6th ed, 2001,
    Sinauer Associates Inc., p. 472-473.
  • PRESCOTT, LM, HARLEY, JP, KLEIN, DA.
    Microbiology, 3rd ed, 1996, Wm C. Brown
    Publishers, A Times Mirror Company, p. 477-490.

28
What are Archaea?
  • WEB Sites
  • http//fox.rollins.edu/egregory/Archaebacteria.ht
    ml
  • http//www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/Archaea/Archaeamm.htm
    l
  • http//trishul.sci.gu.edu.au/courses/ss12bmi/micro
    be_structure.html
  • http//www.personal.psu.edu/users/a/b/abt113/biowe
    bpage4.html
  • http//daphne.palomar.edu/wayne/ploct97.htmstroma
    to.gif

29
What are Archaea?
  • WEB Sites
  • www.bact.wisc.edu/Bact303/MajorGroupsOfProkaryotes
  • www.uga.edu/cms/FacWBW.html
  • www.unmc.edu/Students/corbitc/Archaebacteria.html
  • http//daphne.palomar.edu/wayne/ploct97.htmstroma
    to.gif
  • http//cw.prenhall.com/bookbind/pubbooks/brock/
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com